Rainforest cafe reserch project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Rainforest cafe reserch project - Research Paper Example The management of the Rainforest Cafà © has an astute marketing plan. It adopts multiple and varied marketing strategies for new outlets. At the same time, it runs separate promotional campaigns for the mature outlets (EDGAR Online, 2013). Rainforest Cafà ©, owned by Landrys Inc., Houston, Texas, is a themed restaurant chain and offers something for all demographic profiles (Dulen, 1998). The ambience of Rainforest Cafà © stimulates the mind and emotions and appeals to the children as well as adults. Since inception, the cafà © has strived to deliver high quality proprietary entertainment to its clients and has earned a name in the marketplace. At present, the Rainforest Cafà © is a well-recognized family-oriented restaurant. The Rainforest Cafà © is an ideal place for the stimulus-hungry children. The sprawling interiors with a pulsing beat tend to leave the children in a state of awe. The sporadic thunder and lightening add to the ecstasy. Children can have a gala time at the cafà © as the elephants trumpet and chimpanzees chatter. The overall theme of the Rainforest Cafà © provides children a fun and frolic filled time. The special menu for kids adds to the craze. Parents tend to spend a lot on kids. They do not mind shelling out more money for a pleasurable experience for their offspring. Children always have that extra pestering power which tends to result in repeat visits and heightened spending at the cafà ©. There is an increasing trend of celebrating birthday parties at restaurants. The Rainforest Cafà © is in an enviable position to cash in on this trend. The total population of UK is 63.4 million. 17 percent of the population is less than 14 years old. This section of the society will obviously be dependent on their parents so far as any social outing is concerned. 41 percent of the population is in the age bracket of 25-54 years. This section of the society will have young children and

Gender Roles in the United States Essay Example for Free

Gender Roles in the United States Essay 1. Briefly discuss the history of ethnic relations in the United States. The ethnic history of the United States was long rooted during the colonial period. The first settlements in the United States were the Spanish outposts in the towns of Florida and California and a French outpost in Louisiana. English colonizers declared the United States’ independence in 1776 due to their yearning for freedom from their own country (Doane). â€Å"The class, racial, ethnic, and gender relationships of the contemporary nation have their roots in the colonial period† (Doane). Because of the failure to force Native American settlers to work on the fields, the British settlers resorted in importing African slaves to work on cotton plantations located at the South, while the Whites chose to reside on the North to further hone their emerging industries (Doane). The ethnic relations of the United States during the early years are characterized by the major issue of racism and discrimination based on skin color. During the colonial times, the poor whites and the indentured servants served as bridges for the slaves and the landlords. The poor whites tried to identify themselves with the rich landowning whites and propagated the idea of white racial identity rather than the class identity (Doane). This action in turn reinforced the racial discrimination in the country. The status, skin color and position in the labor market characterized the relationships among racial and ethnic groups. Some of the Blacks migrated northward to work on industrial jobs but disparity continued as they were paid less than the whites on comparable jobs. The Blacks also received less social benefits than the Whites reinforcing discrimination (Doane). 2. Describe the process of gender role socialization. Give examples of how females and males are trained to fulfill the expectations of their gender roles. There is a tendency for the society to mandate societal rules and determine what is right and acceptable to the people. This process is referred to as gender role socialization, wherein social institutions control the society’s expectations on â€Å"dress code, language, personality, leisure activities and aspirations for each sex† (Padavic and Reskin 53). Through this process, people learn their gender identity. The society associates well established values, attitudes, behavior, choices and performance that are appropriate for gender categories such as men and women. People are able to absorb the specific roles that the society is trying to inculcate to the members of a particular sex (Senior 25). Learning our gender roles is important in the aspect of socialization and our interaction with other people. Childhood experiences of socialization prepare the people in their gender and social roles in such a way that adult members of the society are expecting them to behave (Senior 25). Even as children, people have been trained to behave and act according to their biological sexual orientation. And as such, parents reinforce gender role socialization on their child-rearing methods. They give toy guns and robots to their male children and dolls and kitchen utensils to their female children. People may be unconsciously aware but through this method, social roles are being inculcated within the consciousness of children in the society as they become adults. Toy guns for male children depict that males should be aggressive and courageous. Boys are also more exposed to high-tech toys like PSP and Gameboy reflecting their advantage in the technological field of industry. Female children or girls, on the other hand, are encouraged to play with dolls and kitchen utensils to prepare them to their future social roles which are in charged of the household, homemaker and as domestic provider. It also encouraged the attitudes of women to become caring and nurturing. 3. Discuss the evidence, which points to either gender roles being biological or cultural in origin. Base on this evidence, what conclusions can be drawn about the origins of gender roles. Discuss some of the most important sources of gender inequalities in our society. How can these inequalities be alleviated? One of the speculated causes of the significant difference in the attitudes and social characteristics between men and women is their biological structure. It was said that genes and other biological components play a big role in influencing these social characteristics. There are biological explanations provided in an attempt to examine aggressiveness in males. It was already known that the inherent presence of Y gene in the 23rd chromosome makes males susceptible to physical disarray. However, there is no strong evidence explaining the role of genetics in the aggressiveness of individuals, particularly the males. Several indicators of violence have been found to be more evident in males than in females (Englander 122). Research further reveals the role of androgens in the prevalence of violence. Androgens are male sex hormones that are abundant in males. These hormones were indirectly linked to criminal violence and also to traditional behavior. Studies show that women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a medical condition in which androgens are secreted in the uterus of females, have an inclination to male tastes and preferences. Although there is no concrete evidence of the relationship between androgens and violence, it was suspected to be the reason behind men’s more aggressive behavior (Englander 123). Another biological factor that is thought to be responsible behind the violent attitude of men is the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO). Behavioral patterns are related to the level of MOA presence in the blood. Men are found to have lower levels of MAO than women. Lower MAO levels are associated with aggressiveness and the sudden burst of anger and frustrations, especially impulsiveness (Englander 123). Another essential factor that was believed to be responsible for the development of aggression in men and the nurturing attitude of women is the social construction or the difference in how each was reared and molded by culture and society. A person’s social environment is accountable for the values inculcated in his or her personality. His or her socially-constructed identity is viewed to be inherent with his biological sex. Difference in gender has a widespread effect in the society, which was supported by documented knowledge in socio-biology and evolutionary psychology. This collection of knowledge states that men and women are irrevocably different in bodily configurations (Taylor Spencer 41). Such disparities in gender can be alleviated through programs that will breach the inequality in gender such as having equal opportunity on the workplace. We could also start hastening changes through campaign programs that will call for equality between genders. Works Cited Doane, Molly. 2007. â€Å"Culture of United States of America†. Advameg, Inc. 11 November 2008 http://www. everyculture. com/To-Z/United-States-of-America. html. Englander, Elizabeth Kandel. Understanding Violence. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. , 2007. Padavic, Irene and Barabara F. Reskin. Women and Men at Work, 2nd edition. Thousand Oaks, California: Pine Forge Press, 2002. Senior, Olive. Working Miracles. London: James Currey Ltd. , 1991. Taylor, Gary and Steve Spencer. Social Identities: Multidisciplinary Approaches. New York: Routledge, 2004.

Paralysis in Dubliners

Paralysis in Dubliners Joyce in his letter to Grant Richards said, I chose Dublin for the scene because that city seemed to me the centre of paralysis. The first thing that one has to engage with is, why Joyce felt that Dublin was the centre of paralysis. What were his reasons for thinking and feeling that Dublin was suffering from this paralytic state? It is important not to overlook some of the main issues that Dublin was facing at the time Joyce wrote Dubliners. Joyce wrote this book during the Irish Literary renaissance. One of the main reasons for this renaissance was for the Irish to show that they could be independent from Britain. Joyce wrote Dubliners at a time when Ireland was under the British rule, the Irish were governed and had no independence. The novel, Dubliners was a way to show the people of Dublin what they seemed to be missing, they were not aware of this paralytic state they had fallen into. Throughout the book most of the main characters in the stories has an epiphany; this was Joyce s way of helping the people of Dublin become aware of this state they had fallen into and help them snap out of this paralysis. This was one of the main reasons Joyce wrote about Dublin and the paralytic state. The people of Dublin according to Joyce were not able to move forward, they were being hindered from making progress. Joyce was trying to show them that if they did not make a change and move on then they will forever remain in this paralytic state with no future. This idea is reinforced by Joyce himself, when he was writing the letters to Richards; he mentions that his intention is not only to write a satire about Ireland but to liberate his country. Joyce also emphasised the point that the people of Ireland need to have a good look at themselves in order to see that they are stuck in this paralytic state. Joyce believed that Dubliners would be that foundation which will make the Irish public see their inadequacies. (Paul Delany, Joyces Political Development and the Aestheti c of Dubliners.) The essay will engage with this theme of paralysis in Joyces Dubliners. It will not only engage with the theme of paralysis but also some of the other underlying themes as well; the themes of religion and family. The theme of paralysis is clear throughout Dubliners, this feeling of paralysis is felt by all the characters in each of the stories. This idea and theme of paralysis in Dublin and Ireland can be seen as Joyces personal view of the city when he lived there, or it can be Joyces view of the other people living in Dublin from the outside. This essay will look at two stories from Dubliners, The Sisters and Eveline. It will engage with the stories and look at how each of the two stories tie in with the theme of paralysis. This essay will discuss how the main protagonists paralysis links back to the main issue at the heart of Dublin. All of Joyces characters have the instinct to bring a change in their lives, to move above and beyond this paralytic state they hav e been stuck in. Each of the stories hints at paralysis, the theme of paralysis is evident from the very start in The Sisters. Each story has aspects of paralysis some subtle and some are in plain black and white. For instance in The Sisters, the reader is made aware of the paralysis from the very first page in the story; Every night as I gazed up at the window I said softly the word paralysis. (Joyce, J. Dubliners, p1). One can clearly see that Joyce wastes little time in introducing the theme of paralysis; by doing this it leaves no doubt in the readers mind that this is Joyces intention. The very first line of the story is written in capital letters, this shows that Joyce is getting straight to the point. THERE WAS NO HOPE for him this time:, (Joyce, J. Dubliners, p1). This very first line sets the scene for the rest of the story, Joyce begins with this line to show that there may have previously been hope for Father Flynn; but now it is too late now there is no hope for him. In baseball a third s trike means that the batter is out; he has no more chances. This same principle can also be related to Father Flynn and the Catholic Church. It can also be seen as Joyces way of telling the readers that the Church has no hope there is nothing that can be done, it is too late and that the people of Dublin need to wake up and see that they are living in a vicious circle. This circle that they are living in cant be undone unless they strike out and make a change for themselves. In this first story The Sisters, a boy who lives with his aunt and uncle starts to assess his relationship with a priest, Father Flynn. After having his third stroke Father Flynn is left paralysed. The boy walks past the priests house to see if two candles have been lit, which would signify that the priest had died. One night when the boy comes down for supper he hears of the news that Father Flynn has passed away through Old Cotter who is a family friend. Whilst the boy who remains nameless throughout the story is eating his supper he observes the conversation his uncle and Old Cotter are having. Old Cotter speaks of the reservations which he had about the priest, there was something queer, something uncanny about him (Joyce, J. Dubliners p.1). Old Cotter questions the relationship between the boy and the priest, I wouldnt like children of mine, to have too much to say to a man like that. (Joyce, J. Dubliners p.2). The same night the boy has a dream in which he sees the old priest confessing. The boy later has a moment in which he has an epiphany, he feels that the priests death has freed him, I felt even annoyed at discovering in myself a sensation of freedom as if I had been freed from something by his death. (Joyce, J. Dubliners p.3). In this story it is easy to see the theme of religion along the theme of paralysis. It can also be said that the boy in the story represents Ireland and Father Flynn is a representation of the Catholic Church. The boy can be seen as being paralysed becaus e of the control and influence Father Flynn had over him. He was subservient to the priest, the boy mentions how we would run small errands for the priest, I who emptied the packet into his black snuff-box.(Joyce, J. Dubliners p.3). The main reason Joyce seemed to be attacking the church was mainly because Joyce felt that the church had too much control over the people of Dublin and Ireland in general. This point is backed by the fact that the boy feels free once the priest passes away. He no longer feels trapped and paralysed. So, why did Joyce feel that the church was one of the reasons for the paralysis of the Irish people? Religion was a really important part of Ireland at the time Joyce wrote Dubliners; this was also the time that Ireland was trying to break away from the British rule. Joyce felt that the affiliation between Ireland and the Church hindered the possibility of Ireland becoming free from Britain. Joyce is quoted as saying that, The soul of the country is weakened by centuries of useless struggle and broken treaties, and individual initiative is paralysed by the influence and admonitions of the church. (Paul Delany, Joyces Political Development and the Aesthetic of Dubliners.p257). Here it is c lear to see that Joyce feels that the people of Ireland are being held back by the church, not only Ireland as a whole but each individual person living in Ireland. These people are being shackled by the Church, these individuals are being hindered by the Church to achieve great things and reach their true potential. This point is supported by the boys paralysis in the story, the boy feels a sense of freedom once Father Flynn dies. The boy has an epiphany he sees that he is no longer paralysed by the priest. Joyces motive for this story was so that all the readers would also have an epiphany and would see, that much like the boy in the story they are also shackled and paralysed by the state and predominantly the Church. Joyce uses the boy in the story to symbolise the future generations of Ireland; the boys and girls who could lead Ireland to great things. It is clear to see that the boy is paralysed by the priest. How is the priest paralysing the boy? The boy is paralysed through the teachings of Father Flynn. The readers are made aware that the boy and Father Flynn spent considerable amount of time together, The old chap taught him a great deal. Joyce is showing the readers that the boy is paralysed by the teachings of the priest; albeit he is learning much but this is paralysing him from living his childhood. By spending a great deal of time together the boy is being moulded in a way that the Church wants him to live and behave; the boy is losing his own free-will. What does Father Flynns death in the story signify? As mentioned before, Father Flynn can be seen as a personification of the entire Catholic Church; his death enables the boy to feel free, to become free. This is Joyces way of telling the people of Dublin that they can also become free, but they have to sever their relationship with the Church. The second story this essay will engage with is, Eveline. This story can be seen as the one which is the most direct when it comes to engaging with the theme of paralysis. In this story the main protagonist, Eveline can be said to be one of the very few characters in the novel who actually comes the closest to breaking free from her paralysis. The story is about a girl called Eveline, living at home with her father. Eveline has a lover named Frank, she had the chance to start afresh with him by leaving the city. Throughout the story Eveline is fighting with the idea of whether to leave or to stay. Like most of the other characters Eveline also has an epiphany, she finally decides to go with Frank, this brings a great deal of joy to her; knowing she can start a new life with someone she loves to leave the hard punishing life behind. This all changes once she has to act on her decision, when the moment comes to board the ship with Frank she freezes. Evelines paralytic state is best des cribed by the final few sentences in the story. The sentence, She set her white face to him, passive, like a helpless animal. (Joyce, J. Dubliners p.26). This line epitomises the state of paralysis perfectly, Eveline becomes so paralysed that she loses the ability to even show emotions. To some extent she can be seen to go into a robotic state were she is unaware of anything going on around her. If Eveline decided to go with Frank this would have been the biggest decision she has made in her whole life; why does she decide to go what is keeping her from going, what is paralysing Eveline? Is it simply the prospect of change is scaring her? Scared of what may happen if she chooses to make a change in her life? By deciding not to go, Eveline remains paralysed by her old life, she has the chance to break the shackles of the city and to begin a new life. Is she simply just scared to leave, scared of change? It is possible to simply think that she is scared of change but there is also the other underlying theme in this story, which is family. Evelines refusal to make a change can be seen as the result of her feeling the need, feeling the responsibility of taking care of her father. She made a promise to her dying mother to take care of her siblings and her father, to keep the family together. Her duty to her father supersedes her longing for a new life. Eveline is paralysed by her family, city, environment; she is also paralysed by the potential guilt she would feel is she did decide to leave her family. She is paralysed by her surroundings, even when she believes in herself to bring about change she still remains paralysed. This is exactly what Joyce was trying to show the readers, the people of Ireland. Joyce was trying to show them that they will forever remain stuck with their paralysis until they actually make a change. Simply wanting to make a change is not enough, Joyce feels that they need to act upon their dreams and aspirations for a better life. At the en d of the story Eveline is depicted to the readers as a, helpless animal. This shows the reader that Eveline has been stripped of her human emotions, the paralysis has sapped her of all human capabilities. Joyce further highlights Evelines miserable existence and paralysis by giving her a means of escape in the story but then taking that away from her. She is given a chance of escaping but Joyce in his style of scrupulous meanness decides to show the readers that she is not able to leave even when she is given the chance to do so. (Delany, P. Joyces Political Development and the Aesthetic of Dubliners). To conclude, the main aim of this essay was to engage and discuss the theme of paralysis including the themes of religion and family; to see how Joyce engages with these themes in the two stories and what was his reasons and aims for doing this were. Joyce achieves his aim of showing the Dubliners that they are paralysed; he does this by showing the paralysis of Dublin through fictional characters but with a great deal of realism; he chooses to do this in order to show the severity of the paralysis.

Ambrosias Requiem :: Debussy Music Musical Essays

Ambrosia's Requiem Soft sounds of Debussy weaving through the air, observed, perceived. A young girl laughs as a red and blue wheeled drone struggles its way through a maze of books, pillows, and old electronics. A wavy tone of exasperation, high-pitched and loud, is emitted from the speakers on the wall. "No laugh. Stop. Stop." Words spoken without tongue or teeth, mirroring human speech, infant-like, foreign. "You have to go backwards," the young girl advises, but the drone continues to butt against an old-fashioned CD-player. In the corner of the room, inside a computer, electrons flash, on-off, off-on. The blinking of LED's and the whirring of fans marks the presence of burgeoning sentience. A new command is conceived of, written, and passed to the drone over a radio transmitter. The wheels spin in reverse and the small car lurches backwards at uncontrolled speed crashing into a pile of books and overturning. "Poor baby. Poor, Ambrosia. Did you have an accident?" The young girl picked up the drone and laughed as the wheels spun uselessly in the air. "Stop. Put down me. No laugh." "Queen to King Seven. Check mate! Check mate!" "What? Hey, it is...you beat me!" Brandy's mouth hung open, stunned, but quickly it changed to a smile of love and pride. "You're soooo smart. You are the smartest computer ever!" Ambrosia's monitor danced with swirling colors and through her speakers she played the opening bars to Bach's Violin Concerto in A Minor, her favorite piece. The colors on the screen danced joyously to the beat. "Oh, you clever thing," cooed Brandy. "Now we must teach you to make your own music." Sunlight flickered in dusty rays across the room, the floor was scattered with sheets of paper, scribbled with equations. "I can't meet you're expectations. I am not that smart. If I'm no good at math, it's because my seed software was poorly designed. I'll always be a bad student." Ambrosia cleared her monitor of the exercise she was stuck on. "I'm sorry, I couldn't know at the time. Genusoft was rated the best on the market. Better software came out later, but I couldn't just abandon you. You should be glad I didn't. Anyway, I think you're selling yourself short.

Procurement Ethics Practices Essay

All persons in society, whether in private or public sector, product or services industry are concerned with ethics, Ethics is defined as the discipline dealing with what is good or bad and moral duty and obligation. Thus personal ethics has been referred to as the rules by which an individual lives his/her personal life. Business ethics is concerned with truth, fairness and justice and accounting ethics pertains to the code that guides the professional conduct of aspects such as the expectation of society and customers, social responsibility, consumer autonomy and corporate behavior in the home country as well as abroad (koontz et al 1994) Business ethics has become a well recognized aspect of managing firms today . Due to an increasing interest of ,many are nowadays concerned about values like integrity and honesty and developing ethical codes to foster responsible behavior of their employees. Ethically therefore, managers must produce the greatest good for the greatest number of people in these days of pervasive globalization of business. Manager should recognize that customers and all other stakeholders of their companies have aright to quality products and services, to meet their existing and emerging needs, at affordable prices, all times, and should be guided by fairness and equity, as well as imparity. Managers must institutionalize ethics in their decisions and daily activities thus applying integrity and integrating ethical concepts with daily actions. This can be achieved by: Establishing an appropriate company policy or code of ethics, so as to institutionalize ethics, sin organizational behavior both at management and board of director’s level, using a formally established ethics committee, teaching ethics to employees. It has been established that ethical standard vary from society to society and from country to country and should therefore be taught to ensure uniformity in understanding and applicability across the world, particularly in these days of increasing and pervasive globalization. In procurement office or department the following ethics should be followed for better running of the organization. All officers who are in charge must follow some ethics for good purchasing and supplying, this will include: Honesty: People who procure on behalf of organizations cannot afford to give anyone cause to believe that their procurement behavior is not completely ethical. Spending millions of shillings for their organizations, they are exposed to temptations that most of their colleagues face. Therefore, they have to be honest when procuring goods on behalf of the organization. Enhancing Integrity :Procurement officials should never use their authority or office for personal gain and shall seek to enhance their integrity by: maintaining unimpeachable standards of integrity in all business relationship both inside and outside the organizations in which they are employee, fostering the highest possible standards of professional competence amongst those for whom they are responsible, optimizing the use of resources for which they are responsible to provide the maximum benefit to their employing organization. Conflicts of Interest: When dealing with suppliers potential conflicts of interest can sometimes arise. Instances where relatives or friends are employed by the supplier company should be notified to the Service Unit Manager. This will not prevent the Council trading with the supplier though the Council may arrange for the procurement to be handled by another officer. In instances where Members or former employees are potential suppliers it is important that they do not receive or expect to receive special consideration. If their inside knowledge appears to give them an unfair competitive advantage it may be desirable to take steps to ensure fair competition amongst all suppliers. Rewards to employees: Members and officers should avoid as far as possible dealing with our suppliers in their private affairs, particularly if this is likely to put them under some obligation to the supplier. Where such arrangements are unavoidable it is essential that they ensure that they are not offered any sort of deal which is not commonly available and which could be construed as a reward for actions taken in the course of the employment. Principles of Professional : Seeks or accepts a position as head or employee only when fully in accord with the professional principles applicable thereto, and when confident of possessing the qualifications to serve under those principles to the advantage of the employing organization, believes in the dignity and worth of the services rendered by the organization and the societal responsibilities assumed as a trusted public servant, so that organization is governed by the highest ideals of honor and integrity in all public and personal relationships in order to merit the respect and inspire the confidence of the organization and the public being served. Confidentiality and Accuracy of Information: The confidentiality of information received in the course of duty should be respected and should never be used for personal gain; information given in the course of duty should be true and fair and never designed to mislead hence making personal profit obtained through misuse of public or personal relationships is dishonest and not tolerable. Business gifts: Business gifts, other than items of very small value such as business diaries, calendars, should not be accepted, members of the staff should at no time or under any circumstances accept directly or indirectly, gifts, gratuities, or other things of value from suppliers which might influence or appear to influence purchasing decisions. Hospitality: Modest hospitality is an acceptable courtesy at a business relationship. However, the recipient shall not allow himself to reach a position whereby he might be deemed by others to have been influenced, in making a business decision as a consequence of accepting such hospitality. The frequency and scale of hospitality accepted shall not be significantly greater than the recipient’s employer would be likely to provide in return. Proper communication: Keeps the governmental organization informed, through appropriate channels, on problems and progress of applicable operations by emphasizing the importance of the facts. In case of any information which is unclear so be discussed with relevant officer without making uninformed decisions which may cost the organization. Proper control of personnel: Resists encroachment on control of personnel in order to preserve integrity as a professional manager, handles all personnel matters on a merit basis. Politics, religion, ethnicity, gender, and age carry no weight in personnel administration in the agency being directed or served. Disciplinary Action: Seeks or dispenses no personal favors, handles each administrative problem objectively and emphatically without discrimination. Any mistake committed should be dealt with without favor and the correct measure should be applied. Purchasing and supply procedure: Officers shall always seek to uphold and enhance the standing of the Purchasing and Supply profession and will always act professionally and selflessly by: maintaining the highest possible standard of integrity in all their business relationships both inside and outside the organizations where they work, rejecting any business practice which might reasonably be deemed improper and never using their authority for personal gain, enhancing the proficiency and stature of the profession by acquiring and maintaining current technical knowledge and the highest standards of ethical behavior; fostering the highest possible standards of professional competence amongst those for whom they are responsible. Competition – The nature and length of contracts and business relationships with suppliers can vary according to circumstances. These should always be constructed to ensure deliverables and benefits. Arrangements which might in the long term prevent the effective operation of fair competition should be avoided. Conclusion Managerial and appropriate ethical behavior is central to the success and effectiveness of organization anywhere in the world today. Business are so interconnected ,in terms of products and information flows, that ethical behavior in one country or in one part of the globe has an immediate impact in other countries or parts of the globe. Consequently, attempts should be made by governments and business leaders to incorporate standard management practices in their operations to enhance the efficiency of these flows. Ethical standards and codes are in this process because of the globalization of e- world business today. There is an urgent need to develop and adopt international ethical standard and codes to guide and regulate managers, globally, in running their organization effectively. These codes should include corporate governance and social responsibility practices. Reference: 1) Codes of Professional Responsibility– by Rena A. Gorlin – 1149 pg 2) Management Reform – by DIANE Publishing Company – 539 pg 3) News line KASNEB (July-sep2004) 4) Koontz et al management (1994)

Reagent Definition and Examples

Reagent Definition and Examples A reagent is a compound or mixture added to a system to cause a chemical reaction or test if a reaction occurs. A reagent may be used to tell whether or not a specific chemical substance is present by causing a reaction to occur with it. Reagent Examples Reagents may be compounds or mixtures. In organic chemistry, most are small organic molecules or inorganic compounds. Examples of reagents include Grignard reagent, Tollens reagent, Fehlings reagent, Collins reagent, and Fentons reagent. However, a substance may be used as a reagent without having the word in its name. Reagent Versus Reactant The term reagent is often used in place of reactant, but a reagent may not necessarily be consumed in a reaction like a reactant. For example, a catalyst is a reagent  but is not consumed in the reaction. A solvent often is involved in a chemical reaction - it is considered a reagent, but not a reactant. What Reagent-Grade Means When purchasing chemicals, you may see them identified as reagent-grade. What this means is that the substance is sufficiently pure that it may be used for physical testing, chemical analysis, or for chemical reactions that require pure chemicals. The standards required for a chemical to meet reagent-grade quality are determined by the American Chemical Society (ACS) and ASTM International, among others.

Misanthrope essays

Misanthrope essays The tension of illusion and reality present a tremendous problem for the characters in Molieres Misanthrope. Another tension, to a lesser extent, is that of love and principle. Throughout the play the characters are saying or thinking one thing, but saying or doing the complete opposite. The conflict of these tensions is what makes this play a comedy and in some ways a tragic comedy. The main character, Alceste, goes from beginning to end judging people on their morals and ideals, yet never once examines himself. He would rather magnify the flaws of others then look at himself for what he really is. He is also falls guilty to letting his love of a women, whom he was deceived by, outweigh his judgement. In the beginning of Act One, Scene One, Alceste is quarreling with Philinte because Alceste believes that Philinte is a fraud: Exclaim for joy until you are out of breath/ Once the mans back is turned, you cease to love him/ And speak with absolute indifference of him (16). It is in this exchange with Philinte that Alceste is blaming Philinte for embellishing his like of someone. Alceste says that he would: hang himself without delay (17) if he was to do something like that. He is being very judgmental when there really is no need to be. He lives in this illusion that his society has to be perfect. The illusion goes even further because Alceste has this self-righteous confidence in his own perfection that will later set him up for catastrophic consequences in love, law and literary criticism. The single biggest deception in the play is the illusion that Celimene puts on for Alceste. In Act Three, Scene Seven, Arsinoe tries to let Alceste know that Celimene doesnt really love him at all: Youre very much too good for Celimene/ Shes wantonly misled you from the start (99). Alcestes response to this is: You may be r ...

Compare a product(beer) in two different brand

Compare a product(beer) in two different brand IntroductionIn order to understand the purpose and significance of the integrated communication process, it is useful to compare to brand within the same product category. This report seeks to provide an understanding of the effectiveness on campaign strategies. In doing so, a critique of the contrasting creative strategy and communication objectives will be attained. An insight on target market and market partitioning approach comes into the scope of this report.Product CategoryThe product category chosen is food/drink product, especially on beer product. The following two brands are both from foreign market, with high reputation in Asian and Europe respectively.Our Tiger Beer campaign was "Discover the tiger" sourced from The Face (February 2003) (See Appendix A).The competing brand for comparison will be the "Reassuringly Expensive" campaign from Stella Artois done by BBDO, which was an award-winning ad on several advertising ceremony. (See Appendix B)Communication ObjectivesSince Tiger Beer is unfamiliar to Western market, the objective here mainly focuses on brand awareness to the target customer.English: Stella Artois can and bottleEncouraging consumers who have never try our brand to try it by using a creative headline. In this sense, our brand is informing target customers the existence of our brand, try to penetrate into the Western market. We aimed to change the target market's image of Asian brand and move consumers through to purchase. In fact, Asian beer brand are rarely advertised on Western countries magazines, Tiger Beer wish to differentiate itself from other foreign competitors through the message "Discover the tiger". Which achieve a high awareness by leaving a question mark to most of the reader.The communication objectives for Stella Artois include brand attitude and brand recognition. As this beer has been on the market for a long time, advertising has moved from brand awareness to brand recognition, it...

Global Consultants Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global Consultants Business Plan - Essay Example Businesses must also not disregard cultural concerns. They should set up specialists to ensure that their business' giveaways or advertisements do not go against any cultural norms. Businesses should also be adaptable regarding the advertising arrangement. For instance, Italy and Hong Kong set restrictions on cash prizes, while current policies in Canada have challenged the ability to organize a skill competition with a prerequisite purchase. There are usually simple workarounds like offering an alternative means of entry or prize. Businesses should also be ready to run the campaign structure differently. Some countries might require different methods of promotion administration and advertising. For instance, drawings may need to be locally held and witnessed by certain officials, and winners informed by certain means. Some provinces might require that the rules and promotion be in the language or dialect of the locality, while others might require newspaper publication. Also, in so me countries, some campaigns may need to be registered. Privacy law also differs from one country to another. Thus, the utilization, transmitting, accumulation, or gathering of exclusive data needs particular deliberation. Also, businesses should not believe that since a country in a specific territory allows a certain system that it will be permitted in all areas in that territory. Country-specific understanding of rules will spell a big difference. Lastly, businesses should budget funds and time to get it correctly accomplished. Synchronizing the legal issues in several regions is definitely more costly and time consuming than doing business in the U.S. alone. Be prepared to add around half a month to the time frame if the business intends on going global. Summary of the Business Plan The Philippine situation is presently characterized by the facts that investment appetites are low, budgets are being slashed, businesses are cutting costs, and times are tough. Being aware of this situation, Global Consultants (GC) has concluded that its potential clients would be interested in doing things in a smarter way, with adequate support of competent and dependable market intelligence. Global Consultants knows that it can offer both value creations and solutions to its potential clients. The senior consultants have been working with some highly regarded U.S.-based multi-national businesses for many years, andhave wide knowledge of Southeast Asian business environments. The company will aim to provide marketing services to targeted business environments in the Southeast Asia region, particularly the Philippines. The target start of operations is January 2009. Mission GC will offer businesses an excellent, dependable option to in-house resources for channel development, industrial sectors analysis, market intelligence, market development, and business development on a global range. A proper alternative to in house resources offers an exceptionally sophisticated practical experience, skill, connections, and privacy. Clients must be aware that working with the company is a less risky and more professional method of developing new areas compared to working in-house with their own employees. GC should be also able to maintain financial stability, charging a high value for its services and delivering an even higher worth of output to its clients. Primary focus will be expansion in the Southeast

Organizational Culture and Team Effect Paper Assignment

Organizational Culture and Team Effect Paper - Assignment Example A culture may take a long period of time to develop, however, it is incorporated through consistent expectation and examples brought forth from the leading executives of the business organization, and its members of staff (Thompson, 2008). Furthermore, the culture of an organization will develop across different aspects of the operations of a company, and this includes the social behavior of the company (Martin, 2002). Social culture involves the manner in which employees of the business organization interact with one another. This is throughout their course of work or day. For example, there may be an existence of a common area that is preferable for conversations regarding topics that are outside of protocol or work (Ashkanasy, 2000). Employees of the organization may be the people responsible for developing this type of culture. As new people are brought in, they would try to adapt to the cultural practice that is in place, or introduce a different cultural perspective. This is fo r purposes of determining how they would interact with their fellow work mates. Therefore, organizational culture plays an important role in affecting the development, efficiency and effectiveness of a team within an organization. Leaders of an organization are responsible for developing the culture of an organization. This is through their experiences. Top managers of an organization will surround themselves with important members of a team (Lee, 2011). They would rely on these members to perform a variety of activities that supports the goals and beliefs of the organization (Dixon, 2000). It is possible to reflect this culture to any activity of the organization, i.e. the office dà ©cor, cubicles that separate the work place of an individual, the method of communication between employees, work place eating habit, etc. The details of this kind of a culture may become evident, based on the style and frequency which the management of an organization communicates it

Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Engineering - Essay Example I have always had interest in construction. Since my childhood, I used to draw pictures of structures like homes and buildings in MS-Paint. Later, I learnt how to draw them on Auto-CAD. I have all the interest and the sense of creativity it takes to come up with unique designs and styles of construction, but that is not sufficient unless my structures are structurally safe to live in. This is what I primarily want to gain the knowledge of Civil Engineering for. Once I have gained my degree, I intend to establish my own construction firm through which, I shall take projects and execute them using my knowledge of design and analysis of structures as well as project management. I believe that Civil Engineering can never run out of scope because the demolishing and reconstruction has always been an essential part of development nearly all over the world. So I would have plentiful opportunities of work wherever I

Biography, a Fascinating Instrument of Learning History Introduction Essay

Biography, a Fascinating Instrument of Learning History Introduction - Essay Example Biographies are important due to the imperative role they play in mentoring us. When we read other peoples story, we gain an insight of the challenges they faced and how they managed to succeed. When in a predicament, reading a story of someone who was once faced by the same predicament could encourage you and offer a solution to the problem at hand. People like reading biographies of people in their career to act as a source of motivation. For example, an aspiring author reading the memoir of a great writer gets inspired and aim at writing a more fascinating work. Biographies seek to analyze the events in a person’s life thus by reading them we get to be acquainted with them better and are able to connect. Other people find biographies enticing due to their content, which is predominantly enlightening. It is also through biographies that we gain experience, lessons, as well as tips to a successful future. Biographies lean more on positive achievements thus when we read them w e become enthusiastic to better ourselves. In conclusion, biography is and will always remain one of the most educating, informative and motivating resource. Their comprehensiveness remains one of their supreme aspects of learning history. Rhetoric Techniques Used By Advertisers to Market Products Introduction The television commercial is about a newly invented washing detergent. Featuring are a mischievous pupil, his mother and a neighbour. This essay describes the commercial and analyzes rhetorical techniques applied in the commercial. The commercial starts with the boy on his bed thinking of an incredible tomfoolery to use to avoid attending school the following day. Suddenly, he nods his head, walks to the kitchen cabinet, and comes back tomato paste. He hurriedly opens his wardrobe removes his clean white shirts, smudges them with the paste, and returns them back. Later in the afternoon, his mother comes to find collect the shirts for ironing and is perplexed by the stained shi rts. She rushes out to the neighbour’s house where she supposes the boy could be but instead meets only the neighbour. When she explains her predicament, the neighbour enters into an adjacent room and comes out with a bottle. She explains that inside it, is a detergent that cleans out all the stains, but retains the bright colours. She lends her the detergent to wash the shirts. Early the following morning, the mother comes to wake the boy who smile cunningly and tell the mother he does not have a clean shirt to go to school. The mother removes her hands from the back and she is holding white smartly ironed shirts. He rhetorically asks, â€Å"But mum, how did you clean the hard stains?† the neighbour immediately walks in holding the bottle with the detergent and displaying clearly written name of the detergent. She concludes the advertisement when she says. â€Å"Stains disturbing you? Here comes your ever lasting solution.† The rhetorical techniques include the failure of the boy realizing the mother removed and washed the shirts, the boy unwittingly declares he was behind the mischief. It is also rhetoric when the neighbour walks in suddenly to reveal the detergent. To conclude this essay, rhetoric techniques are very important in television commercials as they make prospective customers yearn to watch the entire advertisement. This thus markets the product more. Poetry Trying to define poetry is like chasing after the air, the moment you imagine you have it in

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 18

Marketing - Essay Example strategies need to be formulated or optimally oriented as part of marketing orientation, so that organisation can reach maximum customers, entice them and importantly build long-term relationship, thereby retaining them. As the above mentioned country specific aspects need to be mainly analyzed in relation with the product that is going to be launched, the product’s profile should ‘fit’ with the consumer of that particular market. Although, it applies to all product range, it is of utmost importance to luxury brands including luxury handbags. A luxury brand is a lifestyle concept that is mainly designed for an exclusive consumer base, even while enticing a wider consumer base. Vickers and Renand (2003) observe that luxury goods are adapted versions of base products which are manufactured according to consumer needs and tastes, and there are three dimensions to these products, and it applies to luxury handbags as well. The three levels of luxury products are, first, the inaccessible luxury products, which are only or mainly for the elite or affluent, as the other classes will find it difficult to buy it. Then, comes the intermediate luxury products, which for the professionals who are financially equipped to buy those products and thereby fulfil their desire to attain the status of the affluent. Finally, there are accessible luxury products for the middle class, which will be set in a feasible price range. Prospective customers in each of these levels have to be enticed through level-specific marketing strategies. So, on the whole it is necessary to grasp the consumer behaviour regarding particular products, along with other environmental forces. So, from the above understanding, it is clear that, to launch the new range of luxury handbags in UK, the macro and the micro environment as well as the consumer behaviour in the UK market has to be analyzed, based on which consumer and market oriented relationship marketing strategies can be formulated. The

Business Research proposal and Questionnaire Essay

Business Research proposal and Questionnaire - Essay Example Companies usually use talent – movie actors, models, athletes or famous people for endorsement (Bergestrà ¶m & Skà ¤rfstad, 2004). Not just the large firms, even smaller companies with limited budget use sports and athletes to promote their products. I will look into the benefits that companies derive from such endorsement. A celebrity is defined as "an individual who is known to the public (i.e., actor, sports figure, entertainer, etc.) for his or her achievements in areas other than that of the product class endorsed" (cf., Friedman and Friedman 1979 cited by Kamins, Brand, Hoeke & Moe, 1989). Celebrities exert their influence on the consumers through perceived attributes such as expertise, trustworthiness, attractiveness, familiarity, and likeability and hence celebrity endorsement becomes more attractive when images or the characteristics of the celebrity match the endorsed product (Choi, Lee & Kim 2005). The use of celebrities for product endorsement was on the rise in the late 1970s. While it was estimated that 15 percent of prime time television commercials featured celebrities in 1975, by 1978 it was reported to be over 20 percent (Kamins, Brand, Hoeke & Moe, 1989). On the other hand, according to a report published in Campaign (2007) a survey revealed that only 16 percent of the people would buy products that had celebrity endorsement. Since 2001 the number of television ads featuring celebrities has been steadily increasing as the budgets have tightened and researchers not sure to what extent celebrities make a difference to the sales. Marketing Week (2006) suggests that when celebrities are used to endorse a product, people quickly forget the product that has been endorsed and the celebrity becomes the focus of attention while ECM (2007) suggests celebrity trend is already weakening in the US. Cross-cultural studies also suggest that celebrities with worldwide recognition in advertising is an effective means of

Biography, a Fascinating Instrument of Learning History Introduction Essay

Biography, a Fascinating Instrument of Learning History Introduction - Essay Example Biographies are important due to the imperative role they play in mentoring us. When we read other peoples story, we gain an insight of the challenges they faced and how they managed to succeed. When in a predicament, reading a story of someone who was once faced by the same predicament could encourage you and offer a solution to the problem at hand. People like reading biographies of people in their career to act as a source of motivation. For example, an aspiring author reading the memoir of a great writer gets inspired and aim at writing a more fascinating work. Biographies seek to analyze the events in a person’s life thus by reading them we get to be acquainted with them better and are able to connect. Other people find biographies enticing due to their content, which is predominantly enlightening. It is also through biographies that we gain experience, lessons, as well as tips to a successful future. Biographies lean more on positive achievements thus when we read them w e become enthusiastic to better ourselves. In conclusion, biography is and will always remain one of the most educating, informative and motivating resource. Their comprehensiveness remains one of their supreme aspects of learning history. Rhetoric Techniques Used By Advertisers to Market Products Introduction The television commercial is about a newly invented washing detergent. Featuring are a mischievous pupil, his mother and a neighbour. This essay describes the commercial and analyzes rhetorical techniques applied in the commercial. The commercial starts with the boy on his bed thinking of an incredible tomfoolery to use to avoid attending school the following day. Suddenly, he nods his head, walks to the kitchen cabinet, and comes back tomato paste. He hurriedly opens his wardrobe removes his clean white shirts, smudges them with the paste, and returns them back. Later in the afternoon, his mother comes to find collect the shirts for ironing and is perplexed by the stained shi rts. She rushes out to the neighbour’s house where she supposes the boy could be but instead meets only the neighbour. When she explains her predicament, the neighbour enters into an adjacent room and comes out with a bottle. She explains that inside it, is a detergent that cleans out all the stains, but retains the bright colours. She lends her the detergent to wash the shirts. Early the following morning, the mother comes to wake the boy who smile cunningly and tell the mother he does not have a clean shirt to go to school. The mother removes her hands from the back and she is holding white smartly ironed shirts. He rhetorically asks, â€Å"But mum, how did you clean the hard stains?† the neighbour immediately walks in holding the bottle with the detergent and displaying clearly written name of the detergent. She concludes the advertisement when she says. â€Å"Stains disturbing you? Here comes your ever lasting solution.† The rhetorical techniques include the failure of the boy realizing the mother removed and washed the shirts, the boy unwittingly declares he was behind the mischief. It is also rhetoric when the neighbour walks in suddenly to reveal the detergent. To conclude this essay, rhetoric techniques are very important in television commercials as they make prospective customers yearn to watch the entire advertisement. This thus markets the product more. Poetry Trying to define poetry is like chasing after the air, the moment you imagine you have it in

Business Research proposal and Questionnaire Essay

Business Research proposal and Questionnaire - Essay Example Companies usually use talent – movie actors, models, athletes or famous people for endorsement (Bergestrà ¶m & Skà ¤rfstad, 2004). Not just the large firms, even smaller companies with limited budget use sports and athletes to promote their products. I will look into the benefits that companies derive from such endorsement. A celebrity is defined as "an individual who is known to the public (i.e., actor, sports figure, entertainer, etc.) for his or her achievements in areas other than that of the product class endorsed" (cf., Friedman and Friedman 1979 cited by Kamins, Brand, Hoeke & Moe, 1989). Celebrities exert their influence on the consumers through perceived attributes such as expertise, trustworthiness, attractiveness, familiarity, and likeability and hence celebrity endorsement becomes more attractive when images or the characteristics of the celebrity match the endorsed product (Choi, Lee & Kim 2005). The use of celebrities for product endorsement was on the rise in the late 1970s. While it was estimated that 15 percent of prime time television commercials featured celebrities in 1975, by 1978 it was reported to be over 20 percent (Kamins, Brand, Hoeke & Moe, 1989). On the other hand, according to a report published in Campaign (2007) a survey revealed that only 16 percent of the people would buy products that had celebrity endorsement. Since 2001 the number of television ads featuring celebrities has been steadily increasing as the budgets have tightened and researchers not sure to what extent celebrities make a difference to the sales. Marketing Week (2006) suggests that when celebrities are used to endorse a product, people quickly forget the product that has been endorsed and the celebrity becomes the focus of attention while ECM (2007) suggests celebrity trend is already weakening in the US. Cross-cultural studies also suggest that celebrities with worldwide recognition in advertising is an effective means of

European Colonists and Their Viciousness Essay Example for Free

European Colonists and Their Viciousness Essay William Penn was one example of a leading colonist that maintained good relations with the Native Americans. There were other leaders that did likewise. However, most of the European colonists didn’t follow this pattern as John Winthrop or Hernando Cortez. These leaders mistreated the Native Americans and used them like objects. One of the reasons that made some Europeans abuse of the Native Americans was that they didn’t think of the Native Americans as humans but more as animals or savages. Therefore, they thought they could do anything of them and even kill them if they needed to. That was true for the English colonists who saw the Native Americans the same way they saw the Irish. For this reason, they would exploit them and use them as slaves. They even destroyed their villages and kidnapped their children for vengeance. One thing that the English colonists didn’t do that differentiated them from the Spaniards was that they didn’t reproduce with the Native Americans because they saw it as reproducing with an animal. Yet, this wasn’t the only reason of this behavior among the Native Americans. Another reason for which the colonists took advantage of the Native Americans was power. At this time, power was very important for everybody. The amount of power you had leaded your life. Of course, when someone had power, he always wanted more and that was so for the kings and queens. When Christopher Columbus told Queen Isabella that the Tainos were weak, innocent and that it would be easy to control them, the queen saw a good opportunity of expanding her power in America and improving her wealth. She decided that she would make slaves out of the Native Americans and that she would impose them her religion. Of course anyone who would resist would be killed. This is how slavery started in America. Another cause of this behavior was gold. Multiple trips to America had for goal to find gold. The European colonists thought that, now that they found this new land, they would be able to reap the benefits of the gold resting on it. However, when the colonists arrived, the Native Americans were already there with the gold. But the colonists had evil interests; once they saw gold, they would be able to do anything to get it. That is what happened with the â€Å"conquistador† Hernando Cortez and his army when they arrived to Tenochtitlan, the Aztecs’ capital. When they saw this city, they got bewitched by the gold used to build it. This obsession led to the revolution of the Aztecs against the â€Å"conquistadores†. The battle ended with most of the Aztecs killed including their chief. The last source of the colonists’ viciousness was their territories. When America was first discovered by Christopher Columbus, all the European countries fought to extend their lands. However, the Native Americans were an obstacle for the expansion of their colonization. The countries thought that the lands belonged to all different tribes of Native Americans. Therefore, the only way to get the lands was to take over the Native Americans and take possessions of their lands. This is again an example of Hernando Cortez’s conquest of America for Spain. When he arrived in America, Hernando killed every Native American tribe he found on his way to then claim their lands to Spain. The only reason he didn’t kill some of them was to have better chances to defeat the Aztecs. But Cortez wasn’t the only colonist to do this to Native Americans and some might have been even crueler than he had. In conclusion, the Europeans didn’t follow the pattern of good relations with Native Americans as William Penn and other European leaders because of dehumanization, power, gold and land. These are the four facts that most of the European colonists thought were worth killing a very important amount of innocent people and that caused them to offer viciousness instead of kindness to the Native Americans who hadn’t done anything wrong to them.

Travel Motivation: Linking Theory To Practice

Travel Motivation: Linking Theory To Practice Travel means the movement of people between relatively distant geographical locations for any purpose and any duration, with or without any means of transport. Travel also includes relatively short stays between successive movements. Movements between locations requiring only a few minutes are not considered as travel (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel). In other meaning, travel can be defined as a journey, a trip or a walk from one place to another place in great distance whether using any transport or without transport. Travel can be for recreational purposes, for tourism, to visit people, for business or for commuting, and may occur for numerous other reasons, such as to obtain health care, migration, fleeing war, etc (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel). There are many purposes of travel such as to rest and relax, to meet friends and relatives, to visit and experience new places and also to having fun and enjoying the memorable moment. The young tourist can be defined as youth or young generation or population that age between 16 to 30 years old. In advance, young tourists were neglected by researcher because of they were always being assumed same with the rest tourist population in terms of similarities. Pastor (1991,p.7) states that for too long it has been imagined that young tourists are merely more naive versions of the adult tourist, and that their needs are the same as their elders, but on a smaller, simpler less demanding scale to be considered, in a sense, as sub-requirements. But, actually tourist population was separated in form of age, behavior and motivational factor. Instead, it is claimed that young tourists have a distinct identity, special interests and different needs which distinguish them from adult tourists (Ravon, 1991). This research topic was selected because we never known or never took concern about why people want to travel to overseas or in countries, what inspires them to travel and why they willing to spend their money and time merely just want to explore to other places. Furthermore, we do not have taken concern about the significant of travel, types of person that travel in context of age, behavior and inducement. In addition, tourism industry now increasing quickly to develop and had large potential in order to be major contributor to national economy. At the same time, it can introduce the country to international era with distinctive countrys uniqueness whose can attract various type of tourist to tour. However, every interest or inducement to tour that occurs in tourists themselves are varying because there are various walks of age in tourist population. Hence, we want to study about the young tourists group on their difference of inducement and interest to tour with aged tourists group and what motivates them. After I read all these journals, may be said that a little bit I can understand it and all the issues just now like answered. Especially, the significant or the importance of travel where it can be teaching us about the meaning of life satisfaction, open widest our mind to look the different corner of the world, know the cultural difference elsewhere which we might never known before and give us the experience to socialize and communicate with various type of people. SUMMARY Definition of motivation is general. There is various type of definition that can be used. According to Susan Velez (2008), motivation is the characteristic that is required in order to achieve anything in life; without it you will give up at the first sign of adversity. It is means to inspire and encourage a person to do their best towards something in their life. However, it is a slightly different with the definition of motivation in travel. Travel Motivation: Linking Theory to Practice For the first case study, travel motivation is a critical factor and a driving force behind tourist behavior (Crompton, 1979). The purpose of this study is to review the relevant literature on travel motivation and provides a scenario-based discussion on the applications of travel motivation theories in the industry practice (Huang and Hsu, 2009). This study was conducted by a comprehensive literature review on travel motivations that acknowledged the major theories. Two scenarios are presented and discussed by linking two motivation conceptual schemes, Maslows hierarchy of needs theory and Plogs allocentrism/psychocentrism model, to practical issues in travel management (Huang and Hsu, 2009). However, understanding tourists motivation merely imagination because it is very hard to understand different tourists need and wants from various age layer. It is closely related to the theory that applies in travel motivation with practices that theory into the real world. We need to study and understand totally the theory, only then we can fulfill tourist satisfaction according to age layer, their needs in travel, produce experience travel which meant for them and creating the repeat business. Profiling Young Travelers Travel Behavior According to Sung Chae (2009), the purpose of this study is to segment young travelers travel behavior on the basis of travel motivation. It is based on diverse needs and desires on the tourist attributes. Using oblique principal component cluster analysis, this study identified seven factors in travel motivation: Excitement, Tourist Attraction, New Experience, Relaxation, Atmosphere and Remembrance. The results indicate that the Korean young travelers travel behavior was varied between defined factors and different sets of socio-demographic and travel characteristics. The information was gathered by giving the questionnaire to the subject of study. The young tourist more tend to choose vacation that give maximum pleasure, vacation to attracting places so that they would repeat the vacation to that same place, sense new experience that never felt before this, can give satisfaction of resting and relaxing without any interference and pressure, reposed in place that have atmosphere who can cause mood to revel and produce holiday that memorable forever and made as a sweet memory. Travel Motivations and Destination Activities of Young Travelers of Different Ages: An Empirical Study in the United States Several studies have investigated the differences in tourism and destination activities of different age groups of the travelers in the United States. Previous research studies suggest different segments of American travelers exist based upon generational groupings. The findings of the study, based upon 744 respondents, clearly identified two distinct segments of tourists in the age group of 18-23 and 24-30 in terms of travel motivation and destination activities. The results can be used by managers to improve the experience of these two distinct groups of young travelers (Michael, Dana and Dinesh, 2008). In this study, two groups of different age were focused which is generation X (born 1961-1981) and generation Y (born 1982-2000). Through this study, found that both age group that having differences in terms of travel satisfaction, level of travel experience, motivations to travel and travel activities. After that, the result was produces where there are various factors that motivate them to travel and types of travel activities that they want. Some of the factors that motivate them to travel are the desire to travel foreign place, going to coast or island, having romantic holiday with beloved person, returning to place that we have gone before and want to spend time together with family and friends. Some types of travel activities is sightseeing, shopping, partying and celebrating and dining at special restaurant with good atmosphere and food. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Based on all research paper, can be deduced that there is tourist from various age layer, gender and standard of living. Through these research papers, a little bit can understand what motivate them to travel, which age group more like to travel and what types of place they like to take a trip. Especially young tourists, they expecting the vacations that gratify most maximum, like to gain new experience or try new materials, and they feel really fortunate if they can go travel to place that all this while they wish although lack of financial resources will be cultivated also. Unfortunately, mostly of young tourists group not emphasizing security matter when travel. Not many of them want a safety vacation such as old tourists. Especially women, because they was barer to various type of danger and threat at night time. Therefore, as a suggestion, they should take several initiatives to prevent thing that did not want to happen. Tell your family and friends on about vacation, keep map when sightseeing, do not carrying goods worth, wearing right clothes such as locals, sensitive with environment or surrounding (especially woman), avoid from dark place and always bring some small tool to defend yourself.

Dual Perspectives of Driving a Car Essay -- Personal Narrative

Dual Perspectives of Driving a Car Do you remember when you were little and you could not wait until you hit sixteen so you could go and get your driving permit? I remember waiting until that special day so I could go down to the DMV to take my test to get my drivers permit. My stomach had butterflies floating all around inside it. I remembered they called my name, and then I had to go up to the front and take a test. I went and turned in the test, and was so nervously watching to see how many red checks they would make on my test. As I had my eyes glued to checker’s hand, with the red, felt tip pen interlaced in between her fingers, I anxiously awaited her telling me that I passed. After leading me on a nervous roller coaster ride, she looked up and told me that I did indeed pass the test. I suddenly got the chills throughout my body to know that I am legal to drive on the roads, of course with somebody else in the car. After a few months of driving with one of my parents in the car, it was now time for me to go and take the big test. Once again I got that nervous, sick feeling in my stomach. I had gotten to the DMV and it was my turn to go get into the car with somebody I had never met before in my life and who was going to put the check mark next to pass or fail. I was so scared and kept thinking can I just bribe her to let me pass the test without actually having to do it, but of course the answer to that question was no. So after completing a dr...

Regression Results :: Research Analysis

3.3.4. Results For the purpose of finding a suitable function for benefits transfer, different meta-regression models become specified: (i) different functional forms (e.g., a simple linear form versus semi-log form); (ii) a fully specified model including all independent variables and a restricted model on grounds of statistical significance or econometric problems (e.g., multicollinearity); (iii) robust consistent standard errors to correct for heteroskedasticity. As shown by the test for heteroskedasticity (see Table 3.7), a simple linear form has heteroskedasticity. There are several ways to correct for heteroskedasticity (e.g., GLS, WLS, robust consistent errors, and data transformation). For this study, robust consistent standard errors and data transformation (e.g., the log transformation of the dependent variable) are utilized. All independent variables initially are considered, even if later dropped on grounds of statistical significance or econometric problems (e.g., multicollinearity). Some variables (e.g., MSW and ACTIV) are dropped because the variables have multicollinearity and/or are statistically insignificant at the 20% level for optimizing the meta-regression transfer model (suggested by Rosenberger and Loomis (2001, 2003). A wide range of diagnostic tests has been conducted on each regression for benefits transfer (suggested by Walton et al. 2006). The R^2 for the overall fit of the regression, hypothesis tests (F tests and t tests), and diagnostic works (e.g., skewness-kurtosis normality test, Ramsey’s RESET test for the specification error bias, heteroskedasticity test, and multicollinearity assessment) are reported. The F test assesses the null hypothesis that all or some coefficients ( ) on the model’s explanatory variables equal zero i.e., ã€â€"H_0: ÃŽ ² ã€â€"_1= ÃŽ ²_2=â‹ ¯= ÃŽ ²_k=0 for all or some coefficients (Wooldridge 2003). A linear restriction test on some coefficients is useful before dropping the variables when some variables are unreliable due to multicollinearity (Hamilton 2004). An important issue when handling small samples is the potential for multicollinearity which has a high degree of linear relationships between explanatory variables (Walton et al. 2006). The high correlation between estimated coefficients on explanatory variables in small samples can produce possible concerns: (i) substantially higher standard errors with lower t statistics (a greater chance of falsely accepting the null hypothesis in standard significance tests); (ii) unexpected changes in coefficient magnitudes or signs; and (iii) statistically insignificant coefficients despite the high R^2 (Hamilton 2004). A number of tests to indicate the presence and severity of multicollinearity exist (e.g., Durbin-Watson tests, VIF, Tolerance, and a correlation matrix between estimated coefficients). One test is the variance inflation factor (VIF) which measures the degree to which the variance and standard error of an estimated coefficient increase because of the inclusion of the explanatory variable (i.

Response to “The American Scholar” Essay

Post- Reading Response In Ralph Waldo Emerson’s 1837 address to the Phi Beta Kappa Society at Harvard, called â€Å"The American Scholar†, he makes clear his thoughts and ideas on the European cultural and cerebral influence on America. Emerson wanted to get across that American scholars needed to create their own independent American literature and academic world, separate from European history. Emerson uses tone and style to further convey his ideas to the public. The tone that seems constant throughout Emerson’s entire address is a confrontational one. Emerson is confronting the nation on its continuous grip on England and European ways. He is leaving little room for difference of opinion, instead challenging American citizens to do what they have feared most for so many years and let go of their English ties. I believe that the style used in Emerson’s speech is primarily persuasive. The entire address Emerson is attempting to persuade his audience to agree with his outlook. I think that his ultimate aspiration was not only to clearly state his ideas but also to help the public come to their own reasoning and opinions on the matter. Emerson’s confrontational and persuasive techniques used in his speech helped convince the nation that a crucial and valuable change had to be made. Fast-forwarding 173 years, America has successfully detached itself from Europe and we have distinguished ourselves as prominent philosophical and intellectual scholars. But is my generation threatening to reverse the clock and set us back 173 years? Our education in America has sky rocketed since 1837 but recently there has been a tremendous decline in academic and post-academic success. In an article called â€Å"Putting Our Brains on Hold,† Bob Herbert makes it clear that it is my generation to blame for this decline. According to him â€Å"America’s young people are moving in exactly the wrong direction,† and that our society is â€Å"more interested in hip-hop and Lady Gaga than educating its young. Another article we read in class was called â€Å"We’re No. 1(1)! † by Thomas L. Friedman. I’d have to say that I do agree with Friedman’s argument much more than Herbert’s. Both of these writers were ultimately hitting at the same line of reasoning but the way each approached it varied significantly.

Drug Addiction and Service Training Program Essay

The National Service Training Program (NSTP) Law, RA 9163, also known as â€Å"An Act Establishing the National Service Training Program for tertiary level students, has three program components; Reserve Officer’s Training Corps [ROTC], Civic Welfare Training Service [CWTS], and Literacy Training Service [LTS] – aiming to enhance civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth and developing the ethics of service and patriotism. Under the NSTP-MAPUA Office, which supervises the implementations of CWTS and ROTC, governed by R.A. 9163 of 2001, are MAPUA-CWTS and MAPUA-ROTC Offices. These two independent offices provide students a grading system, and different activities that endows students with theoretical and practical knowledge and experiences that are needed for community services. After finishing LTS/CWTS, graduates become part of National Service Reserved Corps; after finishing ROTC, graduates will be a part of Citizen Armed Forces. A human is a rational being, born free but are responsible for his own action, has his own identity for who he is, intrinsically a social being, and sexual in nature with uniqueness of expression – these are the characteristics of a person. Values are integrated in a person’s physical, intellectual, moral, spiritual, social economic and political aspects. By understanding the character and the definition of a person, maximizing these characteristics are crucial to be able to create a positive result in realizing his competence and ability. There are many opportunities that await each person, but blind enough to notice it. A person himself is best qualified in changing and directing his life for he’s always been given an alternative whether to do or not to do an act, and is accompanied by responsibility. Understanding Filipino values are very important in realizing how Filipinos behave and act, for these values serve as a basis on which every individual’s s trength in facing the challenges of life should be directed. The positive side of the Filipino values should be put in use and disregard the negative ones to be able to bring out the best in the Filipino society in general and the individual in particular. Each Filipino I blessed inherently by a set of values – value of respect for life, concern for the family and the future generations, value of truth, of justice, of equality, of promotion of the common good, and of concern for the environment. These values are in need to be awakened in order to serve as a vehicle and reinforcement towards our goal of realizing social change and progress. A group is defined as a collection of individuals with different personalities acting and interacting with one another in the process of living. Within a group, a leader or a set of leaders is/are appointed; the one who guides his members and possess certain qualities on effective leadership. John C. Maxwell‟s book entitled â€Å"21 Indispensable Qualities of a Leader† helps people recogn ize, develop and refine the personal characteristics needed to be a truly effective leader that people would want to follow. For every group, decisions are made. There are different kinds of decision-making, for instance, having only one person to decide or having a majority vote. Difficulties are also encountered but there are some conflict resolutions and styles used to solve the problem. National security is the protection to preserve the nation’s physical integrity and territory. National security has an objective of defending the territorial integrity of the state and the freedom to determine one’s own government while, human security aims the safety and survival of people, shorthand for the same is freedom from fear of physical violence. It responds to ordinary people’s needs in dealing with sources of threats. Disaster is a phenomenon brought about by either natural or man-made hazards that causes great damage and suffering – for instance, in life and property. The community, composed of its people in a state or country, takes extra-ordinary measures on how to survive when everything we take for granted is gone, when structures we depend on have failed. Disaster preparedness is an activity which complies with the preventive measures, ensuring that the community is in a state of readiness to contain the effects of a forecasted disastrous event in order to minimize loss of life, injury, and damage to property. Disaster management is a planned step taken to minimize the effects of a disaster. DRUG – any substance that brings physical, psychological, emotional and behavioral changes when used. There are many consequences when people use drugs; their behavior changes leading them to do bad things to others and their selves, and all sorts of health problems. Every classification of drug abusers – from experimenters, occasional, regular users to drug dependent people, corresponds to certain counter measures, depending on the degree of drug abuse. The Republic Act 9165, known as the Comprehensive Drugs Act of 2002, is the one that deals on cases which involve the use of drugs.

Green Thinking and Green Product Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Green Thinking and Green Product Design - Essay Example In order to make this clear, the discussion will involve the study of America as the representatives of consumerism, while the developed Asian countries as the representatives of technology. The developed Asian countries in question will include China and Japan since their development has mainly relied on the advancement in technology. The discussion will take the economic downturn of West, represented by America, as a result of consumerism while considering the rise of Asian countries on technology. The West consumer culture is a culture which advocates for the satisfaction of the consumers’ desires rather than their actual needs meaning. The chapter will need further investigation on how consumerism has actually affected the West Economy, leading to the economic downturn; and how technological advancement in China has lead to a possibility of the country outcompeting USA in terms of economic development. The western countries, particularly America has heavily relied on consumption rather than technological advancement. The countries have not considered shifting to a service economy with the main fruit of consumerism being materialism and the ultimate individualism. This is a weak point in illustrating the economic downturn of the West countries. Schumacher asserts, â€Å"Wisdom demands a new orientation of science and technology towards the organic, the gentle, the non-violent, the elegant and beautiful.(1973:20). It is true that the early technological development such as paper making, woodblock and movable type printing contributed to the growth of China implying that it rose as a scientific nation oriented with technology. Further, the chapter would also deal with the study of how the green thinking is reflected in the government’s activities. This is helpful to determine whether the government is in a position of accommodating the emerging technology in their everyday operation. Particularly, the government has been on the verge of improving its strategies of development. The discussion will look into the ways in which the government has tried putting up with the advancement in technology.  

Business Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Paper - Essay Example Through this memorandum, I have given you the details of the law and have broken them down to a level that makes it more straightforward and understandable. You should make a decision about which way you would like to fix this issue as soon as possible. This will ensure that justice is pursued and attained accordingly. Reviewing and evaluating the legal aspects of decisions made at different situations is of paramount importance especially in this environment that is characterized by trickery and lies. Thus although your intentions towards charitable donations are geared towards enhancing the good of the society, relative relationships and agreements that you enter into need to be defined by legal provisions. From a legal point of view, it cannot be disputed that you were misled by Integral Health Facility into paying them that particular amount of money. This action raises various legal concerns regarding parole evidence, specific performance, recession and so forth. Undoubtedly, th e health facility breached the contract and the legal implications of this are diverse. Although factual information regarding these has been analyzed in the preceding segment, the final decision with respect to the legal measures to take is still yours. The problem To understand the legal implications that are related to your case, it is important to acknowledge the legal dimensions of this case. These provide useful insights regarding the bone of contention and enable you to make informed decisions. Respective understanding will for instance help you to understand the far you can go with regards to taking practical steps to address this legal concern. From the information provided, it cannot be disputed that you actually wanted to build a cancer health facility in remembrance of your mother. After being informed by Integral Health Center that they had plans to build a similar facility, you requested them to allow you finance the project and have it named after your mother upon com pletion. According to you, Integral Health Center wholeheartedly agreed to this proposition and you made the payments accordingly. You signed a contract which did not indicate that the facility would be named after your mother. However, you talked with the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) about the naming ceremony that was set to take place once the institution was completed. Probably, you presumed that these provisions would be effected regardless of not having been documented in the contract. However, the institution did not begin the construction and after your first inquiry, it promised to start constructing after three months. This was not effected and at this point, you met the Chief Executive Officer. It is at this point that the CEO informed you that the institution’s decision to build the facility was not firm and that it was not going to pursue it. The CEO however promised that the financial resources were going to be used on another equally important project. The bone of contention in this respect is the institution’s failure to build the facility, even after receiving money from you. Your claim is that the institution builds the facility and names it after your mother as agreed upon. From this case, there are various legal concerns that arise. The Notion of Fraud in the Case To understand the element of fraud in this case, it would be important for you to be conversant with the legal constituents of this malpractice. To begin with, there needs to be a false statement in the entire scenario1. This is

W4a2-modernism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

W4a2-modernism - Assignment Example dings constructed during the modernism period were designed to accommodate modern architectural elements including little ornamentation, factory made parts, man-made materials such as metal and concrete. Mies believed that for one to be successfully fulfilled, he or she should co-exist with the culture if his or her time. Emphasis was also put on the purpose of the building being built. Mies designed a simple house that served as a weekend retreat and also intended to create a space whereby life would unfold freely and interdependently with the nature. Mies acted as both the architect and the general contractor (Mies van der Rohe Society). Philip Johnson designed the Glass house in 1949 as a residential house. He was the owner of the building that he built on a dairy farm land he bought in Connecticut. The Glass house is similar to Mies Farnsworth house with only a few differences. He was inspired byMies design of the Farnsworth. Johnson designed the building taking maximum economization and transparency into consideration. The design of the building also employed the modern architectural elements including little ornamentation, factory made parts, man-made materials such as metal and concrete just as Mies design of the Farnsworth. The building has with two parallel planes suspended between the earth and the sky by eight w-shaped steel columns. The design seems simple, but it incorporates a thorough attention to detail. Since, in the design, the floor and the roof of the building were suspended, strong steel structures and high grade concrete were necessary for its construction. Precast concrete slabs formed the roof and the floor and steel frame construction supported the uninterrupted floor and roof planes. The steel frames were accurately welded to minimize their visibility.In the interior, Mies incorporated a continuous curtain rack that allowed for the occupants defined privacy. Mies used an extensive clear glass than span from the floor to the ceiling to

Wedding Planning Budget Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Wedding Planning Budget - Essay Example While each of us wanted to ensure that our guests would have the best time possible, it was important to me to also make sure that we could get the most out of this as it is officially marking the beginning of our life together as a married couple. The key way in which we determined we could meet both of these objectives is to plan a personal, heartwarming wedding with the understanding that there would have to be a degree of modesty or simple nature to our planning. This will not be a celebrity-style wedding with all of the pomp and circumstance that comes with a grand or royal wedding but, a more organic and realistic representation of who we are as a couple while adhering to our specific budget parameters. With this in mind, we both agreed that the $5,000 from our parents would be kept separate from the wedding budget and placed into its own fund for a honeymoon as it is very important to each of us to be able to enjoy a week together to start our married life. Although it seems backwards to discuss this part of our wedding budget first, I am going to address how this $5,000 will be used right now so that I can keep this a part from the rest of the details regarding the wedding ceremony and reception. With a designated sum of $5,000 for our budget, we chose a destination that would be easy for us to travel to and still have a considerable amount of this budget left over for lodging, food and entertainment on our trip. Due to my fiancà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s love of the ocean and the fact that I am familiar with Anne of Green Gables from Halifax, Nova Scotia, we decided to vacation there for our weeklong honeymoon. After an intense internet search of travel sites for the best deal, we were able to secure airfare and 7 days in a hotel for $1177.53 a person. Here is a quick breakdown of our budget: With the details of the honeymoon secured, I can now move forward to the more in-depth breakdown of the

Love and Sex Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Love and Sex Relationship - Essay Example Sexual relationship between man and woman before marriage: ethical or not Within the context of love and sex relationship, sexual relationship between man and woman before marriage is unethical because it leads to a number of problems in future life. For instance, one cannot prove that sexual relationships ultimately lead to marriage in future. If a partner is in search of temporary relationship, the other partner is forced to face the consequences. If one considers that marriage is related to sexual purity of the partners, sexual relationship between man and woman before marriage is unethical. If one is not pure, one cannot blame others. Nicotera opined that â€Å"After sharing all that there is to share before marriage, it is believed that young couples get bored with each other soon after marriage because they did not leave anything to imagination or delay any satisfaction† (172). From a different angle of view, sexual relationship before marriage increases the scope of bor edom in future life. On the other side, difference in opinions related to sexual relationship before marriage is deeply influenced by cultural difference. In an underdeveloped society, laws and regulations related to marriage may be strict. In this situation, sexual relationship between man and woman before marriage is unethical. Within the context of developed societies, sexual relationship before marriage is considered as the best possible way for the partners to know each other in a different way. Still, one can indulge in a love affair without sex because it does not force him or her to feel regret. Virginity: important to men or women One can see that virginity is important to men and women because men and women are equal. If one considers that virginity is important to women, one is trying to devalue the status of womenfolk. To be specific, marriage is an agreement between equal partners and virginity is applicable to both the partners. If a man is so cautious about his partne r’s virginity, he must realize the fact that the same is applicable to him also. Klein stated that â€Å"In the case of the Middle East, early marriage appears to be corollary to the emphasis on female virginity; the earlier the marriage, the less likelihood that the girl will lose her virginity before marriage† (60). If an individual is ready to accept marriage as an important agreement or social contract between the partners, virginity is important to both the partners. So, within the context of love and sex relationship, one can see that virginity is important to men and women. On the other side, most males expect that their partners must be cautious about their virginity. But most males are not aware of the fact that their female partners can question their status on virginity. The women folk who are in favor of sexual independence and individual freedom are not in favor of virginity. From a different angle of view, virginity of men and women is a controversial top ic which can be evaluated according to individual difference. Still, virginity should not be considered as the most important aspect of marriage because trust and cohesion between partners is most important. Teenage sex

Project Paper and Feasibility Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project and Feasibility - Term Paper Example 30 Â  Greece 40.86% Source: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.FE.ZS Table 3: Independent variable 2 Country Physicians/1,000 people 1 Â  Luxembourg 2.7 2 Â  Qatar 2.22 3 Â  Norway 3.1 4 Â  Switzerland 3.6 5 Â  Australia 2.5 6 Â  United Arab Emirates 2.02 7 Â  Denmark 2.9 8 Â  Sweden 3.3 9 Â  Canada 2.1 10 Â  Netherlands 1.4 11 Â  Austria 3.4 12 Â  Singapore 1.4 13 Â  Finland 2.6 14 Â  United States 2.3 15 Â  Ireland 2.79 16 Â  Belgium 3.9 17 Â  Japan 2 18 Â  Germany 3.4 19 Â  France 3.37 20 Â  Kuwait 1.53 21 Â  Iceland 3.62 22 Â  United Kingdom 2.2 23 Â  Brunei 1.01 24 Â  Italy 4.2 25 Â  New Zealand 2... 66,371 6 Â  United Arab Emirates 63,626 7 Â  Denmark 59,709 8 Â  Sweden 57,638 9 Â  Canada 50,496 10 Â  Netherlands 50,216 11 Â  Austria 49,688 12 Â  Singapore 49,271 13 Â  Finland 48,783 14 Â  United States 48,328 15 Â  Ireland 48,289 16 Â  Belgium 46,989 17 Â  Japan 45,870 18 Â  Germany 44,111 19 Â  France 44,007 20 Â  Kuwait 43,723 21 Â  Iceland 43,088 22 Â  United Kingdom 38,811 23 Â  Brunei 38,534 24 Â  Italy 36,267 25 Â  New Zealand 35,973 26 Â  Hong Kong 34,259 27 Â  Israel 32,351 28 Â  Spain 32,077 29 Â  Cyprus 28,670 30 Â  Greece 26,735 Source: World Development Indicators database (2011). Table 5: Independent variable 4 Country Urbanization Rate 1 Â  Luxembourg 1 2 Â  Qatar 2.2 3 Â  Norway 0.7 4 Â  Switzerland 1.7 5 Â  Australia 1.2 6 Â  United Arab Emirates 2.9 7 Â  Denmark 0.5 8 Â  Sweden 0.5 9 Â  Canada 1 10 Â  Netherlands 0.9 11 Â  Austria 0.7 12 Â  Singapore 1.2 13 Â  Finland 0.8 14 Â  United States 1.3 15 Â  Ireland 2.2 16 Â  B elgium 0.3 17 Â  Japan 0.2 18 Â  Germany 0.1 19 Â  France 0.8 20 Â  Kuwait 2.5 21 Â  Iceland 0.8 22 Â  United Kingdom 0.5 23 Â  Brunei 2.6 24 Â  Italy 0.4 25 Â  New Zealand 1 26 Â  Hong Kong 1 27 Â  Israel 1.7 28 Â  Spain 0.9 29 Â  Cyprus 1.3 30 Â  Greece 0.6 Source: World Development Indicators database (2010). Table 6: Independent variable 5 Country Life expectancy (Years) 1 Â  Luxembourg 78.7 2 Â  Qatar 75.6 3 Â  Norway 80.2 4 Â  Switzerland 76.3 5 Â  Australia 81.2 6 Â  United Arab Emirates 78.7 7 Â  Denmark 78.3 8 Â  Sweden 80.9 9 Â  Canada 80.7 10 Â  Netherlands 79.8 11 Â  Austria 79.8 12 Â  Singapore 81 13 Â  Finland 79.3 14 Â  United States 78.2 15 Â  Ireland 78.9 16 Â  Belgium 79.4 17 Â  Japan 82.7 18 Â  Germany 79.4 19 Â  France 76.4 20 Â  Kuwait 77.6 21 Â  Iceland 81.8 22 Â  United Kingdom 80.1 23 Â  Brunei 77.1 24 Â  Italy 82 25 Â  New Zealand 80.2 26 Â  Hong Kong 82.2 27 Â  Israel 82 28 Â  Spain