Diabetic Management Plan

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease known to humans since the ancient times. Hieroglyphics of Egypt, which dated back in 1500 BC, illustrated symptoms of diabetes. During this time, people depicted diabetes to be type 2 only and type 1 diabetes is a newly discovered disease. However, this has been made clear by researches and studies that type 2 diabetes is different from type 1 diabetes (Hanas 2007). In the present, cases of diabetes continuously rise especially cases of type 1 diabetes.Type 1 diabetes is an insulin dependent diabetes that is common to children and teenagers. Here, the body totally does not produce insulin rendering the glucose useless for an individual (Fox and Kilvert 2007). The glucose level on the blood rises and affects certain body functions making the individual seek medical attention. Diabetes has no cure. When one has diabetes, he or she has it for lifetime. However, certain ways in managing diabetes, whether it is type 1 or type 2, are found but with considerat ion to medication, activity, and diet.Strict adherence to medication regimen is useful in preventing the development of diabetic complications. Regular exercise or physical activity as well as proper eating habits is also proven to help lower blood sugar levels making it controllable. In addition, frequent monitoring of blood glucose will allow an individual to anticipate and act in response to the previously read glucose level. The Case of Jodie Jodie is a 17-year-old girl who has just been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes following admission to the local Emergency Department in DKA.She is currently studying year 12 at high school, plays netball every Saturday afternoon and enjoys going to parties with her friends. Jodie weighs 55kg with a BMI of 20. She lives happily at home with her parents and older brother. Jodie has been commenced on a basal bolus insulin regimen using Humalog and Levemir. Nutritional Management Managing diet is also a key factor in proper management of diabetes . It is important to emphasize to the client and the family that the client is not taking a diabetic diet but rather a balanced meal.Emphasis must also be considered on the ethnicity of the client as well as cultural and religious background of the patient. Before taking these into considerations, it is important to know the basic caloric intake of the client. By multiplying the weight of the Jodie in pounds (121 lbs) to 10 (constant multiplier for female), you will come up with a total of 1210. This is the basic caloric need of Jodie. Multiplying the basic caloric need (1210) with 0. 40 (constant multiplier for rigorous activity) will come up with a resulting activity based caloric needs (605).Calories for digestion can also be calculated by multiplying the sum of basic caloric intake and activity based caloric needs (1210 + 605) to 0. 10 (constant number). The result would be 181. 5. Lastly, compute for the total daily caloric intake by summing up the basic caloric intake, activit y based caloric intake, and calories needed for digestion (1210 + 605 + 181. 5). The result would be 1996. 5. This is the caloric needs of Jodie every Saturday since she is engaged in netball and partying with her friends. On the other hand, the caloric intake of Jodie from Monday to Friday and Sunday would be 1863. 4.Upon computing the daily caloric intake of Jodie, it can be concluded that energy needs varies among individuals on a daily basis, and depends greatly on the age, gender, and ethnicity (â€Å"How to Calculate Your Total Daily Calorie Needs † 2010). Smart, Aslander-van Vliet and Waldron (2009) proposed how total caloric intake must be distributed: Carbohydrates must constitute about 50-55%; fats must be 30-35%; protein must be 10-15%; and sucrose must be 10%.Therefore, Jodie must have a carbohydrate intake of 931. 7-1024. 87 calories (M-F, Sun) and 998. 25-1098. 08 calories(Sat); fat intake of 559. 02-654. 19 calories (M-F, Sun) and 598. 5-698. 78 calories (Sat); protein intake of 186. 34-279. 51 calories (M-F, Sun) and 199. 65-299. 48 calories (Sat); and sucrose intake of 186. 34 (M-F, Sun) and 199. 65 (Sat). When taking carbohydrate rich food, it might be necessary to include healthy sources like vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, and low fat milk. Take into consideration other alternatives for the source of food by consulting the carbohydrate exchange table, cabohydrate counting and the use of glycemic load and index. In the consumption of fat, food with saturated fat must be limited to less than seven percent of total caloric intake.Every week, two or more servings of fish is permissible but with exemption to the commercially produced fish fillet (American Diabetes Association 2007). Replace saturated fats with monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids through the use of low fat dairy products, lean meats, olive and sesame seed oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, and soybean oil. Encourage intake of protein from vege tables (legumes) and animals (lean meat, fish, low dairy products) because it promotes growth and is a good source of nitrogen for the body. Take also into consideration that the salt intake of the client must be less than 6 grams per day.Advise those individuals who prepare the food that they should avoid adding salt in cooking and in meals. In addition, excessive alcohol should be avoided because it interferes with gluconeogenesis resulting to prolonged hypoglycemia. The patient must also be advised to wear identifications about her diabetes, and consume carbohydrates before, during, and after drinking. Drinking, on the other hand, must be done in moderation and must consume drinks with reduced alcohol content. Prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia by consuming carbohydrate-rich bedtime snack.Blood glucose monitoring must be done more often at night until lunchtime of the following day (Smart 2009). Monitoring Patients with Diabetes Knowing that diabetes can lead to some serious complica tions, it is better if one should know the things that he/she should monitor in order to prevent these complications. One should have vigilant monitoring of blood sugar. Scientific evidence shows that tightly controlling blood sugar levels can prevent the development and progression of small blood vessel (microvascular) disease and nerve disease (neuropathy) (Wendt 2009).Since high blood sugar is considered as the culprit to most of the diabetic complications, monitoring blood glucose by the patient is extremely important to prevent consequences from unmonitored blood glucose. Low glucose level may lead to hypoglycemia. Mild hypoglycemia can cause a person to feel uncomfortable and can interfere with his normal functioning. However, severe hypoglycemia can cause seizure, loss of consciousness, and coma (Kelly 2006). Avoiding highs and lows in blood sugar will not only make the patient feel better, but will significantly reduce his/her risk of diabetes complications.Cholesterol level s should also be monitored. A test done to monitor the cholesterol level of a diabetic person is called fasting lipid profile. It is a blood test that measures the total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels, and triglyceride levels in the bloodstream. It is also used to assess the risk for the development of coronary artery disease, one of the predisposing factors for heart attack (Kaufman 2010). Knowing that cholesterol affects the blood vessels of the retina and the heart gives the health provider a clue that any significant increase in the level would necessitate immediate monitoring and intervention.If cholesterol is controlled, the risk of developing complications is greatly reduced. Keeping track of blood pressure is important because people who have diabetes tend to have more trouble with high blood pressure than people who do not have the disease. Having both diabetes and high blood pressure can pack a damaging one-two punch as far as increasing the risk of heart dise ase, stroke, and eye, kidney and nerve complications (Manzella 2006). Elevated blood pressure increases blood flow into the eye, accelerating diabetic retinopathy (Chous 2006). Knowing the early signs and symptoms are also key in preventing diabetic complications.However, diabetic retinopathy has no early signs and symptoms. Jodie then must be aware of the yearly eye examination that must be done after the preliminary examination within 5 years after the diagnosis of diabetes (â€Å"Diabetes† 2010). Dilated eye examination must be done every year by an optometrist or ophthalmologist knowledgeable about and experienced with diabetes and diabetic eye disease (Chous 2006) in order to know the extent of eye affectation. Both the patient and the health provider should also monitor some signs and symptoms to prevent blindness. Any concern with regard to the patient's vision must be taken seriously.Be aware if the patient complains of suspended dark spots that interferes with his/he r vision. It may indicate blood leak to the vitreous humor, which can lead to blindness. Also, take into consideration the increasing difficulty in performing things that require focus such as reading and sewing. Amputations can also be prevented if the patient has vigilant foot care. Foot care is important since the patient with diabetes has decreased sensation on the lower extremities. Preventive measures would include watching for signs and symptoms of impending ulceration.The patient and the health provider should be aware of any swelling, thick hard skin or corns, and any blisters or breaks on the skin. Take good care of small cuts and abrasions immediately. When choosing shoes, make sure that they fit well and allow the toes to move freely. Another complication of type 1 diabetes is diabetic ketoacidosis, the reason why Jodie was rushed to the emergency department. The goal for the management of DKA is the correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalances, restoration of circulat ing blood volume to normal, and identification and correction of factors that contributes to the development of diabetic ketoacidosis.Correction of circulating blood volume starts with the infusion of 1000 ml of 0. 9 percent sodium chloride for the first hour followed by the infusion of 2000 ml to 8000 ml for the next 24 hours. Assess client’s skin turgor, weight and hematocrit because these will serve as markers for the efficacy of intravenous therapy. Potassium must also be monitored because this electrolyte leaves the cells in ketoacidosis. When dealing with this, several points must be considered during the assessment and intervention phase. Frequently assess the patient’s urine output.Take note of the amount of urine when administering potassium to the client. If the urine is less than 30 ml per hour, halt the administration of the potassium and notify the physician immediately. Continuously monitor the client for signs of hyperkalemia (oliguria, weakness, bradyca rdia, cardiac arrest) and hypokalemia (weakness, paralytic ileus, cardiac arrest). Hyperkalemia may ensue for the first 4 hours of treatment while hypokalemia may develop after 4 hours up to 24 hours. Monitor the client’s ECG and take note of T wave.Its flattening or inversion may signify hypokalemia while peaking of T wave may indicate hyperkalemia (Brunner, O'Connell Smeltzer and Suddarth, 2008). Medications for Diabetes According to Hanas (2007), the American Diabetes Association instituted the individualization of blood glucose goals, with goals higher to those individuals with frequent hypoglycemic attacks. Suggestions were also made on the level of blood glucose for each age group. Jodie, a 17 year old teenager, belongs to the adolescent group (13-19). It was stated that before meals, an ideal blood glucose level is 5-7 mmol/L or 90-130 mg/dl.At bedtime or overnight, she must have a blood glucose level of 5-8 mmol/L or 90-150 mg/dl. To accomplish this goal, Jodie is pre scribed with Humalog and Levemir in order to facilitate the entry of glucose in the cells thereby preventing the increase of glucose level in the blood. Humalog is a fast- or rapid acting insulin analog that takes effect on the body after injecting it. Since it is an analog, it considered as a variation of human insulin and tends to mimic its action from the time it is secreted by the pancreas.When taking this drug, inform the client to use disposable, sterile needles or pen. Rotate the injection sites to prevent complications like lipodystrophy. Take this drug at the same time every day. Allot a 15 minute allowance before taking a meal prior to its administration. To prevent hyperglycemia, take this drug with long acting insulin such as the Levemir (Griffith and Moore 2006). Instruct the patient to seek medical attention immediately if she experiences symptoms such as rash, hive, intense itching, and difficulty in breathing after taking a dose.This suggests an anaphylaxis reaction and is life-threatening. Although infrequent, instruct the patient to take quick-acting sugar such as honey or fruit juice whenever she experiences excessive hunger, cold sweats, cold skin, shakiness, chills, or vision changes. This signifies that she is experiencing low blood sugar or hypoglycemia. On the other hand, Levemir is long-acting, man-made insulin that may last for 24 hours after administration. Instruct patient to use only Levemir when the vial appears to be colorless and clear. Presence of air bubbles is considered normal.However, do not administer the drug if it looks colored, cloudy or thickened. Inject drug into subcutaneous part of the body such as the stomach, thighs, and upper arms. Just like in Humalog, rotate the injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy. The patient may also experience hypoglycemia and its treatment is the same as those of Humalog (Novo Nordisk, Inc. 2009). When taking this drug, instruct her to avoid intake of alcohol as this may increase the e ffect of insulin resulting to blood glucose problems (Griffith 2006). One should also take note on the time Levemir will take effect.Levemir injected at bedtime or 10 pm (for multiple injection therapy) will have its effect during the night and breakfast. It can also be used as a two dose treatment: one in the morning and one in the dinner. Insulin injected in the morning will take effect on the lunch and afternoon while insulin injected during dinner will take effect on evening and night. Bedtime snack is necessary then to avoid night time hypoglycemia (Hanas 2007). It is also necessary to take insulin before meals. When taking Humalog as pre-breakfast insulin, it is better if Jodie should monitor her blood glucose.The time elapsed before the administration of pre-breakfast insulin depends on the level of blood glucose she has in the morning. Blood Glucose Levels Rapid Acting Insulin (Humalog) Ordinary or Short Acting Insulin mmol/L mg/dl < 3 < 55 After the meal Just before 3 †“ 5 55 – 90 Just before 15 minutes before 5 – 10 90 – 180 Just before 30 minutes before 10 – 14 180 – 250 10 minutes before 45 minutes before ? 14 ? 250 20 minutes before 60 minutes before Source: Hanas, R. (2007).Type 1 Diabetes in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: How to become an expert on your own diabetes (3rd ed. . United Kingdom: Class Publishing Ltd. Checking blood glucose before lunch is also necessary. When using rapid acting insulin, a blood glucose reading taken two hours after breakfast is enough. Blood Glucose Measure < 4 mmol/L < 70 mg/dl Decrease the insulin dose at breakfast by one to two units > 8 mmol/L > 145 mg/dl Increase the insulin dose at breakfast by one to two units Patient experiences cold sweat, hunger, shakiness (signs of hypoglycemia) between breakfast and lunch. Decrease the insulin dose at breakfast by one to two units Source: Hanas, R. (2007).Type 1 Diabetes in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: How t o become an expert on your own diabetes (3rd ed. ). United Kingdom: Class Publishing Ltd The Concept of Psychology in Diabetes Adolescence is the time during which an individual attempts to establish their identity and begin involving themselves into sexual relationships. As an adolescent grew, the client will begin to take responsibilities with his or her action. Add up to these responsibilities are those involving their management of diabetes. The challenge here does not only involve the adolescent but also the health care provider and the family itself.Adolescent are in the position wherein they are faced with developmental tasks needed to accomplish in addition to the need of managing their lives with diabetes. Health care providers and family must also consider their actions to make sure that treatment and regimens do not interfere with age-related activities of the adolescent thereby allowing growth and development (Snoek and Skinner 2005). Several complications in diabetes ar e also found to be associated with poor parental interaction of the adolescent’s diabetes management. DKA is one of these complications.Snoek and Skinner (2005) revealed that individuals belonging to a family that lacks support and warmth are typical to hose patients who have DKA. Moreover, diabetic individuals who have unresolved family problems and lack of parental participation in the treatment have a tendency to belong in this population with DKA. It was also linked that the possibility of child abuse (physical, sexual or social) may be triggering factor an adolescent ran away from home skipping his/her dose of insulin. Another possibility is that an adolescent is undergoing the phase of rebellion or rejection.Lifestyle management for teenagers with diabetes may result to resentful feelings as well as the stage of rejection. Consequently, the adolescent omits his/her insulin dose but this is considered to be part of how an adolescent adopts to his/her life of a diabetic p erson (Snoek 2005). To provide solutions with this problem, a scheduled telephone call every two to three weeks may be used to provide assistance and support to the patient through the use of problem solving techniques. Motivational interviewing (MI), which is a collaborative approach between patient and the health care provider, can also be utilized.It is a directive approach that aims to resolve patient’s anxiety and ambivalence regarding diabetic management by supporting the adolescent and respecting their decisions regarding diabetes management (Miller and Rollnick 2005). With this, an individual will report less worry and anxiety, and satisfaction with the present life and a more positive outlook (Snoek 2005). Patient Education Approach Educational tools are used to disseminate information and knowledge in order to maximize the management of blood glucose and prevent complications from it.Since no study shows which type of teaching methods is appropriate for education, i ts approach must be varied but is well adapted to the age of the child and the needs of the family. It must not be too rigid that it invokes confusion and failure resulting to distress and harm on the part of the adolescent and family (Funnel and Anderson 2004). Health education tools may include the use of food pyramid and plate models that will advocate the basics of nutrition and healthy eating habits.Extensive patient education may also be necessary for adolescents and the families to help them estimates the amount of carbohydrates in foods, its exchange or portions. Education can also include guides on how to read food labels and how to recognize the nutritional content of food. Several methods are also instituted to facilitate adolescent’s learning in measuring carbohydrates. Exchange or portion system, carbohydrate counting, and glycemic index and glycemic load are some of these methods (Smart 2009).

Examination Essay

English Language and Literature (Specification B) Unit 3 Talk in Life and Literature 9. 00 am to 11. 00 am Thursday 24 June 2010 For this paper you must have: l a 12-page answer book. ELLB3 Time allowed l 2 hours Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. l Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Examining Body for this paper is AQA. The Paper Reference is ELLB3. l Answer one question from Section A and Question 5 from Section B. l Do all rough work in your answer book. Cross through any work that you do not want to be marked. l Information The texts prescribed for this paper may not be taken into the examination room. l The maximum mark for this paper is 96. l All questions carry equal marks. l You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. l l Advice You are recommended to spend one hour on Section A and one hour on Section B, including planning. H/Jun10/ELLB3 ELLB3 2 Section A – Talk in Life and Literature Answer one question from Section A and Question 5 in Section B (printed on page 10). The set plays for this unit are Hamlet, The Rivals, A Streetcar Named Desire and Translations. Read the passage from the play you have studied and answer the question related to it. NB: the questions are different on each play. EIThER Question 1 0 1 Hamlet – William Shakespeare Explore the ways in which Shakespeare presents the theme of falseness in this passage. In your answer you must consider how the playwright uses literary, linguistic and rhetorical devices and conventions to create specific dramatic effects. Where is Polonius? In heaven. Send thither to see. If your messenger find him not there, seek him i’th’other place yourself. But if indeed you find him not within this month, you shall nose him as you go up the stairs into the lobby. king (to attendants) Go seek him there. hamlet ’A will stay till you come. Exeunt attendants king hamlet king Hamlet, this deed, for thine especial safety, Which we do tender as we dearly grieve For that which thou hast done, must send thee hence With fiery quickness. Therefore prepare thyself. The bark is ready and the wind at help, Th’associates tend, and everything is bent For England. amlet For England? king Ay, Hamlet. hamlet Good. king So is it, if thou knewest our purposes. hamlet I see a cherub that sees them. But come, for England! Farewell, dear mother. king Thy loving father, Hamlet. hamlet My mother. Father and mother is man and wife; man and wife is one flesh; and so, my mother. Come, Exit for England! king Follow him at foot. Tempt him with speed aboard. Delay it not. I’ll have him hence tonight. Away! For everything is sealed and done That else leans on the affair. Pray you make haste. Exeunt all but the King H/Jun10/ELLB3 3 And, England, if my love thou holdest at aught – As my great power thereof may give thee sense, Since yet thy cicatrice looks raw and red After the Danish sword, and thy free awe Pays homage to us – thou mayst not coldly set Our sovereign process, which imports at full, By letters congruing to that effect, The present death of Hamlet. Do it, England. For like the hectic in my blood he rages, And thou must cure me. Till I know ’tis done, Howe’er my haps, my joys were ne’er begun. Exit Turn over for the next question Turn over H/Jun10/ELLB3 UoR Question 2 0 2 The Rivals – Richard Brinsley Sheridan Explore the ways in which Sheridan presents father-son relations in this passage. In your answer you must consider how the playwright uses literary, linguistic and rhetorical devices and conventions to create specific dramatic effects. sir anthony And it is my wish, while yet I live, to have my boy make some figure in the world. I have resolved, therefore, to fix you at once in a noble independence. Sir, your kindness overpowers me. Such generosity makes the gratitude of reason more lively than the sensations even of filial affection. I am glad you are so sensible of my attention; and you shall be master of a large estate in a few weeks. Let my future life, sir, speak my gratitude: I cannot express the sense I have of your munificence. Yet, sir, I presume you would not wish me to quit the army? O, that shall be as your wife chooses. My wife, sir! Ay, ay, settle that between you; settle that between you. A wife, sir, did you say? Ay, a wife. Why – did not I mention her before? Not a word of her, sir. Odso! I mustn’t forget her though. Yes, Jack, the independence I was talking of is by a marriage. The fortune is saddled with a wife – but I suppose that makes no difference? Sir! Sir! You amaze me! Why, what the devil’s the matter with the fool? Just now you were all gratitude and duty. I was, sir: you talked to me of independence and a fortune, but not a word of a wife. Why what difference does that make? Od’s life, sir! If you have the estate, you must take it with the livestock on it, as it stands. absolute sir anthony absolute sir anthony absolute sir anthony absolute sir anthony absolute sir anthony absolute sir anthony absolute sir anthony H/Jun10/ELLB3 5 absolute If my happiness is to be the price, I must beg leave to decline the purchase. Pray, sir, who is the lady? What’s that to you, sir? Come, give me your promise to love and to marry her directly. Sure, sir, this is not very reasonable, to summon my affections for a lady I know nothing of! sir anthony absolute sir anthony I am sure, sir, ’tis more unreasonable in you to object to a lady you know nothing of. Then, sir, I must tell you plainly, that my inclinations are fixed on another. Sir, my heart is engaged to an angel. absolute sir anthony Then pray let it send an excuse. It is very sorry but business prevents its waiting on her. But my vows are pledged to her. Let her foreclose, Jack; let her foreclose. They are not worth redeeming. Besides, you have the angel’s vows in exchange, I suppose; so there can be no loss there. You must excuse me, sir, if I tell you, once for all, that in this point I cannot obey you. Hark’ee Jack. I have heard you for some time with patience. I have been cool, quite cool; but take care. You know I am compliance itself when I am not thwarted; no one more easily led when I have my own way – but don’t put me in a frenzy! Sir, I must repeat it: in this, I cannot obey you! Now, damn me, if ever I call you Jack again while I live! absolute sir anthony absolute sir anthony absolute sir anthony Turn over for the next question Turn over H/Jun10/ELLB3 U 6 oR Question 3 0 3 A Streetcar Named Desire – Tennessee Williams Explore the ways in which Williams presents the relationship between the sisters in this passage. In your answer you must consider how the playwright uses literary, linguistic and rhetorical devices and conventions to create specific dramatic effects. This extract is not reproduced here due to third-party copyright constraints. H/Jun10/ELLB3Turn over for the next question Turn over H/Jun10/ELLB3 UoR Question 4 0 4 Translations – Brian Friel Explore the ways in which Friel presents love and courtship in this passage. In your answer you must consider how the playwright uses literary, linguistic and rhetorical devices and conventions to create specific dramatic effects. Yolland Maire. She still moves away. Maire Chatach. She still moves away. Bun na hAbhann? (He says the name softly, almost privately, very tentatively, as if he were searching for a sound she might respond to. He tries again. ) Druim Dubh? Maire stops. She is listening. Yolland is encouraged. Poll na gCaorach. Lis Maol. Maire turns towards him. Lis na nGall. Maire Lis na nGradh. They are now facing each other and begin moving – almost imperceptibly – towards one another. Carraig an Phoill. Yolland Carraig na Ri. Loch na nEan. Maire Loch an Iubhair. Machaire Buidhe. Yolland Machaire Mor. Cnoc na Mona. Maire Cnoc na nGabhar. Yolland Mullach. Maire Port. Yolland Tor. Maire Lag. She holds out her hands to Yolland. He takes them. Each now speaks almost to himself/herself. Yolland I wish to God you could understand me. Maire Soft hands; a gentleman’s hands. Yolland Because if you could understand me I could tell you how I spend my days either thinking of you or gazing up at your house in the hope that you’ll appear even for a second. Maire Every evening you walk by yourself along the Tra Bhan and every morning you wash yourself in front of your tent. H/Jun10/ELLB3 9 Yolland I would tell you how beautiful you are, curlyheaded Maire. I would so like to tell you how beautiful you are. Maire Your arms are long and thin and the skin on your shoulders is very white. Yolland I would tell you †¦ Maire Don’t stop – I know what you’re saying. Yolland I would tell you how I want to be here – to live here – always – with you – always, always. Maire ‘Always’? What is that word – ‘always’? Yolland Yes-yes; always. Maire You’re trembling. Yolland Yes, I’m trembling because of you. Maire I’m trembling, too. (She holds his face in her hand. ) Yolland I’ve made up my mind †¦ Maire Shhhh. Yolland I’m not going to leave here †¦ Maire Shhh – listen to me. I want you, too, soldier. Yolland Don’t stop – I know what you’re saying. Maire I want to live with you – anywhere – anywhere at all – always – always. Yolland ‘Always’? What is that word – ‘always’? Maire Take me away with you, George. End of Section A Turn over for Section B Turn over H/Jun10/ELLB3 U 10 Section B – Talk in Life and Literature Question 5 0 5 Text A is an extract from Educating Rita (190), a play by Willy Russell set in a northern university. Frank is a middle-aged lecturer, and Rita his Open University student. She has just had an angry quarrel with her husband, who despises her longing for an education. She is anxious to know what Frank thinks about her essay on Macbeth. Text B is part of a transcription of a university tutorial. The tutor is discussing Julie’s essay with her. Compare the two texts, commenting on the ways in which they reflect the differences and similarities between talk in life and talk in literature. In your answer you must explore the relationship between context, purpose and audience and the ways in which speakers’ attitudes and values are conveyed. End of Questions H/Jun10/ELLB3 11 Text A (breaking away from him): It’s all right – I’ll be O. K. Just give me a minute. (She dries her eyes. ) What was me Macbeth essay like. frank: Oh sod Macbeth. rita: Why? frank: Rita! rita: No, come on, come on, I want y’ to tell me what y’ thought about it. rank: In the circumstances †¦ rita (going and hanging her bag on the back of the swivel chair): It doesn’t matter, it doesn’t; in the circumstances I need to go on, to talk about it an’ do it. What was it like. I told y’ it was no good. Is it really useless? frank sits in the chair. frank (sighing): I – I really donà ¢â‚¬â„¢t know what to say. rita: Well try an’ think of somethin’. Go on. I don’t mind if y’ tell me it was rubbish. I don’t want pity, Frank. Was it rubbish? frank: No, no. It’s not rubbish. It’s a totally honest, passionate account of your reaction to a play. It’s an unashamedly emotional statement about a certain experience. ita: Sentimental? frank: No. It’s too honest for that. It’s almost – erm – moving. But in terms of what you’re asking me to teach you of passing exams †¦ Oh, God, you see, I don’t †¦ rita: Say it, go on, say it! frank: In those terms it’s worthless. It shouldn’t be, but it is; in its own terms it’s – it’s wonderful. rita (confronting him across the desk): It’s worthless! You said. An’ if it’s worthless you’ve got to tell me because I wanna write essays like those on there. (She points to the essays on the desk. ) I wanna know, an’ pass exams like they do. frank: But if you’re going to write this sort of stuff you’re going to have to change. ita: All right. Tell me how to do it. frank (getting up): But I don’t know if I want to tell you, Rita, I don’t know that I want to teach you. (He moves towards the desk. ) What you already have is valuable. rita: Valuable? What’s valuable? The only thing I value is here, comin’ here once a week. frank: But, don’t you see, if you’re going to write this sort of thing – (He indicates the pile of essays. ) – to pass examinations, you’re going to have to suppress, perhaps even abandon your uniqueness. I’m going to have to change you. rita: But don’t you realize, I want to change!

Autobiography Example Essay Example for Free (#2)

Autobiography Example Essay My name is Gelliza Z. Quiambao, and I am currently in college studying education. I was born on 12th of September year 1996, four o’clock in the afternoon, in Jose Payumo Memorial Hospital. My parents are Gilbert and Josephine and I have two brothers who are Gil Joseph and Gianni. I started studying when I was three. My grandparents are the ones who served as my babysitter since my parents weren’t home for work, so my granddad enrolled me in a Daycare Center. You may not believe this but my grandma told me that I always sleep and cry in school. After that, my parents enrolled me in Kindergarten then to Elementary. I was only five years old when I was on the first grade. Had to say, I was the youngest but I’m subsequent. Â  My elementary days are incredibly awesome. I gained many friends; I achieved honors and awards, academic and sports, specifically chess. It’s been quite jaded studying six years on the same school but it’s totally fine with me because I have friends to laugh with, have fun with, and learn with. In 2008, I graduated from elementary and became a high school freshman in Bataan Peninsula State University. It’s great that I found true friends that same year, and it’s quite funny how I always wanted a sister and God gave me nine super cool and amazing friends that actually treated me like a sister. I had so much fun with them. We went hiking on a mountain. It’s really unforgettable because we took a ride on a horse. It’s my sophomore year in 2009, and the best moment that I remembered back there is when we ditched class. Yeah, I know it’s not a really good thing to do but, best moments come from worst ideas, right? We cleaned the faculty room as our punishment. We did it for three months. In 2010, I fell in love with music. It’s like, my world revolves around music. There’s something about the songs that I can somehow relate myself into the lyrics. I learned so much from it. Also this year is when I fell in love with a boy. Honestly, it wasn’t a pretty story. I fell deeply in love with him then when we broke up; it’s like my worst nightmare ever. But I learned that maybe we’re not really meant to be together. Then, I realized that the fact between ‘boy love’ and ‘boy hate’ is the belief that whatever happens, I’ll be fine. Good friends, competitive teachers and one wonderful family are the ones who mold me for who I am today. Everything good I have inside of me, I get from them. Â  I experienced lots of challenges that test my skills and personality. All those challenges and problems that I’ve been through leaves a wonderful lesson. Good days gave me happiness, bad days gave me experiences, which are both essential to life. Success keeps me growing and failures make me humble. Right now, I’m studying very well so if I finished college, I can have a good job in order for me to help my family and raise the style of living that we have now with God’s grace and guidance. Just always remember that, life is like a roller coaster. It has ups and downs. But it’s your choice to scream or just enjoy the ride. Autobiography Example. (2017, Jan 06).

Pushing hands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Pushing hands - Essay Example Lee in this movie explores the element of cross – culture relationships and conflicts and issue related to it. This movie is a first of a kind where a father from a traditional background encounters a changing living atmosphere. This movie displays a wisdom and warmth of a traditional Chinese man in a family which has complete urban background. In this movie the character Alex is also stuck between his traditional grandfather, and his modern wife who is fussy. It is painful situation for the grandson and grandfather, as they share blood relation and have to keep up with each other’s expectations. In the end, the movie shows Mr. Chu regaining his hold on life and moves on independently. Plot of the Movie The plot of the movie is the life of an old and retired Chinese martial arts trainer, Mr. .Chu who moves to New York to join his grandson Alex. Alex is living with an American women Martha who is his wife and also a writer by profession. Martha is a neurotic and was suff ering from writer’s block which is condition which affects the writer’s mostly due to overwriting or lack of inspirational thoughts. As per (Nix)â€Å"As it so happens, Martha’s writer’s block started about the same time Mr. Chu moved in, and no one is more aware of this fact than she†. The moment when Mr. Chu joined the Alex’s family, his wife was in a disturbed condition and this makes the relationship of Mr. Chu and Martha bitter. As the movie â€Å"Pushing Hands† initiates, Mr. Chu is shown to be already in New York with his grandson and is uncomfortable and sharing a negative relationship with Martha. The film focuses much on this retired Chinese martial art teacher and his attempts to cope up with his new living atmosphere .In this he also attempts to teach Tai – Chi in a local school, where Alex is a student of Chinese Language. In the following part Mr.’ Chu encounters with a Chinese lady Mrs. Chen, and develops an attraction for her. However, due to Mr. Chu’s less aggressive nature this attraction towards Mrs. Chen s tends to falls out .Normally speaking, this movie tells all about the plight of an old Chinese immigrant in a foreign land and his attempts to fit in the new land of modernism. Background and Theme of the Movie The movie â€Å"Pushing Hands† is written by two writers namely; AngLee and James Schamas.Ang Lee is a Taiwanese man who made use of his Taiwanese heritage to create memorable movies which earned acclamation throughout the world. He has earned Masters from New York University on film, and got noticed in film arena with his classical movie like â€Å"The Wedding banquet†. This movie has earned him Academy award nomination and earned recognition as a director who crossed cultural and national barriers. James Shcamas is the co – writer of this movie â€Å"Pushing Hands† and also is an independent film producer and screen writer. During 19 90s, James Schamus have produced many interesting films which gained much attention and appraisal from film fraternity. He is known for taking risks to bring about stories with is of challenging and versatile nature. The theme of the movie â€Å"Pushing Hands† is culture clash which is prominently displayed between Mr. .Chu and his

Birth Control Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Birth Control - Assignment Example Firstly, the world population is increasingly growing faster and even if one cannot feel the effects of earth’s growing population, many other nations are lacking basic needs and loosing resources. Therefore, philosophers and scientists argue that birth control can act significantly in slowing down the rate of population growth in the world and also prevent the increasing rate of deaths of infants. For instance, less than 5% people in many nations in Africa use the contraceptives; thus this increases the possibility of over population in the world. If the percentage of people using contraceptives was much higher and people could be aware of the advantages of using the controls it could assist everyone in the planet in terms of resources and basic needs. Therefore, there is need to help everyone understand the advantage of reducing or controlling population to help people have balanced resources and be able to get their basic needs.Secondly, people argue that it is reasonable a ccepting birth control to be a moral matter and also more of ethics. It can be immoral preventing conception but also it is not ethical to willingly permit ourselves causing unwanted pregnancies that may lead to more destitution. Some ladies tend to get unwanted pregnancies and make the infant suffer as they do not have income or resources to support the child. As a result many children are raised in such conditions whereby they were born unplanned and become miserable as their parents or mothers cannot afford raising them and providing all their basic needs.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Globalisation Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility and Globalisation - Essay Example The discussion mainly focuses on the ethical principles underlying social responsibility in the business world. Ultimately, this essay argues that CSR becomes more and more important as globalisation rapidly develops. Confronting the growing environmental issues in the current global marketplace, MNCs are aggressively or constructively taking part in strategic programmes towards resource management and environmental preservation. Dedication of global businesses to sustainable initiatives are motivated by several internal and external factors, such as social activism, technological improvements encouraging sustainable programmes, customer demand for ecologically friendly goods and/or services, and governments’ environmental policies (Wilson 2000). Concerns about the corporate social responsibilities have been the point of contention for decades. However, recently, a new approach towards the issue has emerged and prevailed (Lechner & Boli 2004). Both in the corporate domain and beyond it, there is far-reaching and mounting advocacy for the existing idea of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). ... A particular explanation for this may be the perception that global corporations are not as impregnable as they were believed to be in the past; hence, their operations can be controlled to profit society (Wilson 2000). According to Bomann-Larsen and Wiggen (2004), another explanation could be a perception that successful legal regulation of businesses whose operations reach outside national boundaries is unlikely, making self-regulation as the sole realistic, feasible option. Thus, MNCs should self-regulate in a way that promotes the wellbeing of the society and its citizens. CSR has been controversial for decades, and some aspects of the subject matter have been introduced by ethicists. This controversy has been broadened recently to encompass the practices of MNCs. Even nowadays, the long-standing issue still reverberates through the halls of international corporations across the globe: â€Å"If it is legal, does that make it ethical?† (Manakkalathil & Rudolf 1995, 29) The emphasis of the word ‘ethics’ can be related to views concerning what is moral and what is not; one description of ethics may be the explanation of what comprises human wellbeing and the actions needed to support it. The concept of ‘ethical norms’ is brought into play to characterise compliance to generally accepted moral codes (Sullivan 2002). Consequently, according to Sims (2003), these moral codes are ruled mostly by values, traditions, and behaviour that a society implements as parameters for interpersonal manners. Hence, corporate social responsibility is tantamount to societal norms and values, which then implies that MNCs should formulate objectives that are congruent to

Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 11

Taxation - Essay Example In the 2011 budget, Mr. Alistar made no changes on the income tax rate but stated that if the tax rate remained permanent, it would lead to long lasting damage to UK’s economy. Since 2009 when the tax rate was introduce, to date, the tax rate has been questioned and changed on several occasion in the budgets. In the 2012 budget, Mr. Osborne, who was the Chancellor by then, announced a tax cut from the 50% to 45% and thus the taxpayers could escape the 50% tax rate at a cost of  £1 billion to the taxpayer. This tax rate change was implemented by the Government and the additional tax rate has since remained at 45%. There have been many discussions as to whether the tax rate should remain at 45% or be added back to 50% (Seely, 2014:21). This paper argues against the restoration of the 50% additional rate of income tax by the UK government. Several arguments have been brought forth against of a restored tax rate of 50%. One of the arguments is that a low tax rate has an affirmative impact on output, and employment because it offers incentives to boost these activities. If the taxes are raised, people avoid the kind of work that attracts high tax rates. This means that if people do not carry out work that has high tax rate, the output in the country is reduced and the same happens to the level of employment. With unemployment and output levels reduced, then this additional tax rate will act as a barricade to economic growth, and thus Britain will lag behind other nations on matters regarding the growth of the economy. Raising the tax rate will castigate activities that are taxed. The overall result of this is that less tax is attained because the more something taxed then the less is gotten from it. Since some people have built up enough capital that they can contentedly leave on, high taxes push such people to quit wor king or even work less. Those that continue working stop working hard in order to avoid earning extra amounts. The effect of reduced work,

Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 12

Technology - Essay Example Communication is an important characteristic of humans. Human beings communicate for various reasons. Therefore, communication should be effective and efficient, in order to achieve its objectives. Being a characteristic of human beings, communication has existed throughout history. However, this was done differently at various time periods. The differences in communication during different historical times base on the level of effectiveness and efficiency of communication at each historical time. Nonetheless, this also wholly depended on the level of technology at that particular period. This is mainly because technology plays an important role in shaping communication (Storm and Media Web). About one hundred years ago, the communication tools that people use today did not exist then. This could only be imagined as science fiction, owing to the low level of technological advanced during that time. Today, people can communicate through different avenues. These include cell phones, social media, fax, e-mails, and the internet. In the past however, people would communicate through letters and telegraphs, as well as word of mouth. As compared to the present tools of communication, the past communication tools were less effective and less efficient, thus unreliable (Storm and Media Web). However, today, communication is instant. Smartphones are widely used today to carry out diverse functions. These can be used for making calls, sending messages, playing games, running applications, surfing the web, and taking and storing photos, and downloading and storing music, among other functions. However, these are quite expensive today, as compared to the basic phones. In the near future, however, it is expected that the basic phones will completely fade away, so that most people will use smartphones, which will be cheaper by then. The process is gradual. People that value and

Performance Related Pay in TYLT Mobile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Performance Related Pay in TYLT Mobile - Essay Example In an attempt to practicalize Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Professor John Callaghan identified that most people aged between the mid-20s and the mid-30s with graduate and postgraduate qualifications and employment in top companies in modern urban settings tend to belong to Level 3 of the Maslow scale: The Social Belongingness Stage. This is because most of such persons have access to the basic physiological needs because most of them are from privileged backgrounds and have a lot of options and do not see some of these basic needs as necessary. Also, such persons have their social security needs are settled because they possess good qualifications and with the advantage of being young and energetic, such persons have a lot of prospects and have fewer limitations. Their needs are to build social lives like marriage, joining a strong network of friends and building business links. So the best rewards for them include socioeconomic rewards that would enable them to meet their needs. Als o, since these young employees have many options, they need hygienic factors that would make them happy in a given workplace and not necessarily motivators. This is because they often tend to select the best work environment and not just a work environment that pays well. The expectancy theory also implies that the effort of these young people who dominate the R&D department of TYLT Mobile will want to blend their individual needs which include entrenching their social belongingness needs into their expectations. These expectations would reflect in their performance at work and it would affect the outcome of TYLT Mobile's output. As such, it is reciprocal for TYLT Mobile to find a way of recognizing continuous improvement and rewarding them appropriately. This forms a hygienic factor which when

American Popular Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Popular Culture - Essay Example 2. How have popular culture trends and electronic media formulated your views regarding the following topics: social responsibility and civility; family obligations; the human body; justice, law, and order; sexual identity; friendship and love Popular (pop) culture is literally defined as the vernacular culture that prevails on any given society. â€Å"The content of popular culture is determined by the daily interactions, needs and desires, and cultural ‘moments’ that make up the everyday lives of the mainstream.† (â€Å"Wikipedia†, 2006). Culture is a way of defining oneself, and is accepted or regarded by each person in their own way, and yet mass media and mass culture also lets people define themselves in relation to everyone else in mass society. How Have Popular Culture Trends and Electronic Media Formulated Your Views Regarding the Following Topics: Social Responsibility and Civility; Family Obligations; The Human Body; Justice, law and Order; Sexual Identity; Friendship and Love? Popular culture trends are a significant part of all of our lives, and greatly affect the way we feel about ourselves, and about each other, on a daily basis. Whether or regardless of if we recognize it or not, popular culture reflects on us all in way or another. In regards to social responsibility and civility, I believe that due to the heightened propaganda status, or in other words the fact that the media is such a huge part of all of our day to day lives, our assumption and beliefs of what our personal social responsibilities should be have dropped somewhat. In the past, there was a certain aura of politeness and classiness if you will; characteristics which do not seem to be as evident in today’s world. When discussing how pop culture trends have formulated my views regarding family obligations; this is another subject that I would say relates highly to social responsibility and civility in a way. If we take

The Milk Chain Essay Example for Free

The Milk Chain Essay Malawi Dairybord is a home for dairy products. Rogers has run the dairy for the past twelve years. His product is a combination of goods the items he delivers and services the delivery and associated jobs he does for customers. At the heart of operations is an information system which contains full details of all of Rogers’s 1000 plus customers, including their regular orders, special orders, where to deliver, how they pay and so on. Everyday the system calculates the likely sales of all products in two days time. Rogers adds some margin of safety allows for likely variations and passes his order to Unidairy some 150km away. Unidairy acts as a wholesaler for milkmen in Bvumbwe and surrounding areas. The following evening Unidairy delivers to a holding depot in Limbe and then takes Roger’s goods 10km to a cold store in Njuli. At 5. 30am the following morning Roger collects the order from his cold store and starts delivering to customers. This normally takes until 1. 30 in the afternoon but on Fridays he spends more time collecting money and often finishes after 5. 0pm There are several specific problems facing Malawi Dairybord. There is for example some variation in daily demand so Roger has to carry spare stock. He cannot carry too much as dairy products have a short life and anything not delivered is thrown away. Roger aims at keeping this waste down to 2% of sales. There are also problems maintaining a service during holidays, or when Unidairy has difficulties with their deliveries. Perhaps Roger’s main concern is maintaining his sales over the long term. Demand for doorstep deliveries is declining as people buy more milk at supermarkets. The number of milkmen in Bvumbwe has declined from ten in 1997 to three in 2012. Most of Roger’s customers have been with him for many years but he generates new custom delivering leaflets, special offers and carrying a range of products. Case study questions Describe the supply chain for milk Where does Malawi Dairybord fit into this? What specific activities form the logistics in Malawi Dairybord. Draw the supply chain network What are the main problems that Malawi Dairybord has with logistics?

Comparison of Cognitive Development Theories

Comparison of Cognitive Development Theories Cognitive development is defined as the areas of neuroscience and psychology studies, concentrating on adolescent development with special focusing on information processing, language learning, conceptual resources, perceptual skill, and brain development. Jean Piaget and Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky were two pioneers in the field of cognitive development. With this essay I will compare and contrast each theorists views on the nature or development of intelligence. I shall also compare their views on the stages of development from birth through adolescence. And finally I will incorporate possible classroom applications of each theorists views. Similarities in Cognitive Development Piaget believed that all children are born with a tendency to interact with and make sense of their environment and that they need little instructor intervention. He referred to the basic ways of organizing and processing information as cognitive structures. He defined the mental patterns that guide behavior as schemes, and he theorized that we use schemes to find out about and interact with the world around us. Piagets theory consisted of steps in the development of new schemes of cognitive development referred to as adaptation of adjusting schemes in response to a new object being introduced in our environment. The first step in adaptation if called assimilation, or trying to understand the new object or event in our environment from known scheme, and if the new object does not fit into an existing scheme, the individual will move into accommodation where they modify an existing scheme to fit the new situation. Finally the person will reach an understanding of the new object, this process of restoring a balance between current schemes and the integration of the new schemes is known as equilibration. Piaget theory of intellectual development is a constructivism view, where individuals build systems of understanding through their experiences and interaction with in their environment, suggesting that development came before learning, that specific cognitive structures need to be developed before certain types of learning can take place. Like Piaget, Lev Vygotsky believed that cognitive development takes place in steps that are the same for all individuals. Vygotsky theorized the first step in intellectual development is learning that action and sounds have meaning. Second, that step in cognitive development was practicing the new action or sound. And finally, using the actions and sounds to think and solve problems without the help of others, referred to by Vygotsky as self-regulation. Differences in Cognitive Development While Piaget believed that intellectual development was highly personal, and that individuals learned from experiences rather than the teaching of concepts and thought processes, Vygotsky believed that learning development was a social process directly linked to the teaching of information, and that learning proceeded development. Vygotsky theorized that language was the key to cognitive development, and learning was influenced by the culture of the individual. He believed that a child first incorporated the speech on others into their personal knowledge and practices it, known as private speech, and later they used this private speech in efforts to solve tasks. Vygotsky redefined this theory into what we now know as The Zone of Proximal Development. (ZDP) defines intellectual development as the ability to use thought to control our own actions, but first we must master cultural communication systems, and then use these to systems to regulate our thought processes. Children learning with in the (ZPD) work on tasks that they could not complete alone, but were able to finish with the help of and competent instructor. These teachable moments demonstrate Vygotsky theory that learning proceeded development, and that cooperative learning promotes advance learning. His theory defined language as a way to pass on cultural values and that teaching language was the medium needed to develop cognitive thought processes. Similarities of the Stages of Development Both Piaget and Vygotsky were stage theorist, meaning they both believe that development takes place in observable stages. Piagets theory was that development took place in four stages. -The first stage for Piagets theory was the sensorimotor stage (from birth age 2) where the child explores the world using their 5 senses and motor skills. Children are born with what is described as reflex motor skills, suck, grasp, ect. During early development, the child uses these skills to manipulate the world and develops schemes from these experiences in a progression toward goal-directed behavior nearing the end of this stage of development. -Piagets second stage is Preoperational stage (2yrs-7yrs) He believed that children in this stage of development wouldnt have mastered the ability of more complex mental operations; children do not have the ability to reason through their actions. They are considered egocentric, and assume others agree with their points of view. During this stage children lack conservation skills; they do not understand that the amount of something remains the same when the appearance has been rearranged. And they have not developed reversible thinking or taking a problem back to its starting point. -Developmental stage three is the Concrete Operational Stage (7-11) In this stage the child is beginning to achieve comprehension of abstract concepts. The child is starting to understand conservation, perspective and reverse thinking. The child is capable of systematic ordering and able to group objects accordingly. The child is starting to multitask in their thought processes. -And Finally, The Formal Operational stage Age (11 to early-adult) By this stage the person has accomplished abstract think processes. They have developed hypothetical and deductive reasoning. They have the ability to imagine situations and reason best solution principles. They are now capable of meta-cognition or able to think about thinking. Vygotskys stage theory of development was known as Scaffolding. In Scaffolding, First a mentor starts with providing the child with a high level of support, such as one-on-one instruction, allowing the child time to develop an understanding of the concepts being presented. Next the mentor starts to scale back the support allowing the child to take on more of the responsibility of the task. And finally, when the child understands the objective of the task the mentor steps aside allowing the child to perform the task on their own, demonstrating the comprehension of the knowledge set gained. Differences in Stages of Development Piagets theory of the stages of development, focus on development is necessary before learning can take place, and that interaction with ones environment is more important to development than mentored instruction. This view is very age oriented and ridged in its outline and expatiations of child development. Where Vygotsky views learning as the processor to development. That language, culture and mentoring are all important aspects of the learning process that will help the individual develop successfully. Similarities in Classroom Application Piagets and Vygotsky theories have similar applications for the classroom setting; first Piaget wants the instructor must focus on the process of child thinking trying to understand how the child can up with the answer, and not just the product or solution to the problem, deemphasize practices aimed at making children make adult like decisions, and have the instructor acknowledge the differences in individual developmental progress. Vygotskys theory in a similar fashion, places emphasis on the childs thinking process, with the instructor understanding the childrens individual developmental progress. As a teacher I can use these theories to develop class room techniques that focus on the students as individuals, and Ill try to understand their level of development so that I do not force the student to meet standards that are not reasonable given their state of understanding and cognitive development. Differences In classroom Application Piagets theory wants the instructor to encourage the students into self-initiation and active learning activities which take the emphasis off structured knowledge and encourages the student to explore and build on current levels on cognitive knowledge. This differs from Vygotsky theory, which advises the teacher to provide planned activities, and encourage students to participate in planned group activities, which encourage them to learn in structure environments which encourage high levels of mentored instruction. With an option of the two theories, I think Ill stick to a more Vygotsky form of lesson planning. I believe that students can do well with hand on actives, yet I believe that if the Instructor does not provide the student with structure the students do not develop at a rate that allow them to control themselves in a classroom setting, and that structure gives the student guidance and sets expectations for the students, that give the students goals to strive for.

The effects of amnesia and its different types

The effects of amnesia and its different types Amnesia is defined as the full or partial loss of memory that may be temporary or permanent, causing a significant inability to remember important information to such a degree that it has moderate to severe effects on persons life (Logsdon). The effects of amnesia are related to the type of amnesia patient is suffering. The most common effect is the inability to recall information stored in the long-term memory. There are some cases that patient is able to recall past memories, but he is unable to create new memories, or even, unable to do both recall past memories and create new ones (Nordqvist, 2009). There are many factors that origin amnesia, which are classified in organic and functional. The organic factors are related to injuries in the brain, and loss of brain cells in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. A cause of brain injury is when it is occurred in car accidents. The degree of memory loss usually is proportional to the severity of damage in the brain. In most cases, amnesia is not severe and the recovery is short-lasting (Nordqvist, 2009). An organic factor of brain injuries is the brain has suffered a virus infection such as encephalitis (inflammation), which the brain tissue is affected by a mistaken attack of the immune system, or an insufficient supply of oxygen to the brain due to a heart attack, respiratory distress, or carbon monoxide poisoning (Nordqvist, 2009). Another factor of brain injury is the abuse of alcohol and drugs, such as sleeping and depressive pills, by a prolonged time, causing memory loss (Crystal, 2010). The functional factors are relate d to emotional shocks caused by being the victim of a violent crime, child or sexual abuse, or being involved in a combat, natural disaster, or a terrorist attack (Nordqvist, 2009). Amnesia is presented in many types depending on the outcomes occurred to the affected person, or any traumatic event he or she is affected. The following three types of amnesia are related to the effects in the persons memory and the capability to recall information. Retrograde amnesia is the most common type presented in hospitals, television shows, and movies. This is caused by damage in the temporal lobes and especially the hippocampus (Ellis-Christensen, 2010). Patients with retrograde amnesia are unable to recall memories from the past occurred before it is presented, but the ability to form new memories and recall after the start of amnesia is not affected (Wall, 2006). Anterograde amnesia is the reverse-side of retrograde amnesia. This is caused by the damage to the hippocampus or surrounding cortices, disabling memory formation, and often it is permanent if the brain is damaged (Liden, 2010). Patients with anterograde amnesia are unable to form new memories from the point when it is presented and to recall memories recently formed because information is not moved to the long-term memory. However, patients may be able to learn new skills without being taught again because the declarative memory is impaired while the procedural memory continues to function (Liden, 2010). Although anterograde amnesia is permanent when brain damage is presented, scientists actually are studying ways to apply neural plasticity, the capability of nerves to form new ways to recover lost functionality, to perform treatments for this and other diseases caused by brain injury (Liden, 2010). Transient global amnesia is a temporary total loss of memory and the patient affected is unable to recall any information restored in memory. The causes of this disease are uncertain, but some hypotheses establish it could be caused by a reduced blood flow, a traumatic event, stress, or an atypical type of migraine. This disease tends to reverse itself over time, but the temporary blackout can last for 24 hours or more (Wall, 2006). The following types of amnesia are related to disturbing events, or abuse of alcohol and drugs. Traumatic amnesia is caused by a hard blow to the head as a result of a car accident. The person affected may experience a brief loss of consciousness, or even go into a coma. The majority of cases are temporary and it lasts depending of the severity of the injury. Childhood, or infantile, amnesia occurs when the person is unable to recall events from early childhood. The causes could be that this may be associated with language developments, or the possibilities of some areas of the brain were not fully mature during childhood. Wernike-Korsakoffs amnesia is caused by excessive abuse of alcohol, or by malnutrition linked to thiamin deficiency. Patients with this disease have poor coordination and loss of feeling in the fingers and toes (Nordqvist, 2009). To diagnose amnesia in a patient, a doctor will do an evaluation to discard other possible causes of memory loss, such as dementia, depression, a brain tumor, or Alzheimers disease. First, the doctor starts the evaluation with a detailed medical history, including the type of memory loss, when the problems started and how they progressed, factors that started amnesia, such as a head injury or a traumatic event, family history especially of neurological disease, use of medication or alcohol and drugs, history of seizures, headaches, depression or cancer, and other symptoms (language problems, personality changes, or impaired abilities) (Test and diagnosis, 2009). Next, doctor will do a physical examination, including a neurological exam to check reflexes, sensory function, balance, or the physiological aspects of the brain and the nervous system (Test and diagnosis, 2009). Then, doctor will do a cognitive exam, testing patients thinking, judgment, short- and long-term memory. Finally, doctor will verify any internal damage of the brain through MRI, CT scans, and electroencephalogram (Nordqvist, 2009). So far, there is not any medication or drug for the restoration of memory for patients with amnesia. Fortunately in the majority of cases, amnesia is resolved itself without any treatment. However, if an essential physical or mental disorder is present, a treatment must be developed. Occupational therapist may help patients to learn new information to replace what was lost, or using the existing memories to create new ones (Treatments and drugs, 2009). Reality orientation aids may help patients to remember if he is surrounded with familiar objects, photographs, smells, and music. If patients are suffering the Wernike-Korsakoffs amnesia, an adequate nutrition can help. Whole grain cereals, legumes, nuts, lean pork, and yeast are rich sources of thiamin (Nordqvist, 2009). CONCLUSION Amnesia is a disease that commonly means partial or total memory loss and/or the ability to store new memories. Sources of amnesia can be organic, such as brain injury caused by an accident, infection to brain cells, oxygen deprivation, or abuse of alcohol and drugs; and functional, such as traumatic events or effects of stress. Amnesia can be classified depending on the factors how this is presented, such as Wernike-Korsakoffs, traumatic, or infantile amnesia; and on the effects in the functionality of the brain, such as retrograde, anterograde, or transient global amnesia. The diagnosis of amnesia in a patient depends on a detailed medical history in order to discard other types of disease, physical and cognitive exams, and a verification of the brain if an injury is present. Amnesia is reversible by itself, but if physical or mental damage is presented, treatments like replacement of memories, reality orientation aids, or a healthy nutrition for Wernike-Korsakoff disease can be helpful solution to resolve amnesia in patients.

The Softhearted Humanity of Bartleby the Scrivener Essay -- Bartleby S

The Softhearted Humanity of Bartleby the Scrivener What is to be said or done about the many "Bartlebys" of the world?   They come in many shapes and sizes, and are misunderstood and boggled about for different reasons, but they all trigger a sense of softhearted humanity in all they touch.   Herman Melville's Bartleby lets the reader make what they please concerning the baffling scrivener who, quite simply stated throughout the story, "would prefer not to" do just about anything.   Yet his employer just can not seem to get angry, for Bartleby does not refuse to work, he simply, and seemingly sadly, states that he would rather not perform his instructed duties.   He does not say it in vain, but rather in sadness.   There is something about Bartleby that calms the reader, yet makes them slightly angry over Bartleby's persistent stubbornness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The narrator felt calm but somewhat perplexed by Bartleby's impassive declines.   Although the narrator, an attorney, employed quite a strange few of scriveners to work under him, Bartleby was by far the most complex, for each time his employer requested he examine a copied paper, Bartleby would reservedly reply, "I would prefer not to", and proceed with his copying.   "I looked at him steadfastly.   His face was leanly composed; his gray eyes dimly calm.   Not a wrinkle of agitation rippled him.   Had there been the least uneasiness, anger, impatience or impertinence in his manner...had there been anything ordinarily human about him, doubtless I should have violently dismissed him from the premises."   This quote suggests the special influence Bartleby possesses; the mark he makes on a mere man of the same species, and on of a sound mind.   And the lawyer even states, "... ... "I would prefer not to, but I am not particular" was his ambiguous reply.   The narrator did beyond what most good-hearted people would have done for Bartleby, and finally, he sadly concluded, "I think he is a little deranged."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Humanity no doubt affected both Bartleby and the narrator.   In those dead letters Bartleby handled, he must have seen humanity and inhumanity alike.   Those dead letters left Bartleby dead inside and let nothing matter to him thereafter.   He may as well preferred not to live, and the attorney who desperately tried to make Bartleby see sanity again was too late and of no use.   Something so simple and innocent turned out so sad and unclear.   I know exactly why the last line of Bartleby was printed to say "Ah, Bartleby!   Ah, humanity!"   Melville wanted to leave me wondering how many Bartlebys there are and what their stories are.

Traditional Values :: Personal Narrative

Traditional Values Traditional values can sometimes sway us to do wrong things parallel to our own personal beliefs. People, places, and things shape these values and cause us to surrender to situations that neither influence nor hold our interest. This is a scary concept: What if one of these situations put our life or someone else’s life in danger? This is a question that crossed my mind when I thought about conformity in my life. One memory in particular involves my football team. As did Langston Hughes in his experience with conformity, I too felt pressure from my peers to do something I didn’t want to do. During my sophomore year, my teammates wanted to take part in hazing a younger freshman football player. They asked me to help them take all of his equipment out of his locker, find him, and beat him up. This went against my personal beliefs. In no way did I want to take part in something that had to do with the humiliation of another teammate. Also, when I was younger, I had to go through the same thing, and it hurt me deeply. Then and now, I looked at my own embarrassment as something I don’t ever want to see someone else go through. Before I gave my answer to my teammates, other consequences rolled through my head; hazing is illegal, and if convicted, the offender would be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. I was doing well both on and off the field, so why mess it up? So I devised a plan. I would agree to help my teammates, but I would also agree to help the young freshman find his equipment and help him elude a vicious beat-down. â€Å"Well are you gonna help us or not?† the quarterback of my team impatiently asked.â€Å"Yeah sure†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I said, â€Å"Just let me take care of everything ‘cause I really don’t like this kid.† He looked at me and smiled. â€Å"There you go, Taylor!† He turned to the posse of football players, â€Å"We got a sophomore that’s stepp’n up!† It was like I killed two birds with one stone and saved both my butt and the kid’s in one throw.

Free College Admissions Essays: Learning from Mistakes :: College Admissions Essays

Learning from Mistakes    One day that I will probably never forget is the day that I had to play Jonathan Walker. He was easily the best table tennis player in our school and he had even been offered to play on the National Junior team. I remember the match as if it was yesterday.    It was the time of year when competition smelled thick in the air and everyone was excited about Inter-House Sports. I was particularly involved in Tennis and Chess but I was really excited about Table Tennis as I had been named Vice-Captain.    It was a grueling school day that had ended with an arduous 120-minute Chemistry practical. The school bell that rang was like sweet music to my ears and the only thought that whisked through my mind was that of going home and sleeping in my big, comfortable bed. Just then, I remembered that the Table Tennis contest between Team C and Team D which also incidentally the finals, was at 4:00 p.m. I sluggishly changed into the clothes that I had in my locker and headed for the Games Room. I was very tired and hoped that I would have an easy opponent. However, this was not to be my lucky day. The captain of our team, Jason, was sick so I had to play the opposing captain, namely, Jonathan. Panic and doom were those thoughts that dominated my mind when I was told this.    However, I was always an optimist and tried to convince myself that I could defeat him (Yeah right!). We approached the table and shook hands. In the few initial minutes, we warmed up, just casually rallying the ball around, but even then he was playing better tennis than I ever had. The coach then blew his whistle which concluded the warm up and signaled the commencement of the match. At this point in time, I tried to swallow all the fear and anxiety that I had and to face my opponent valiantly and courageously. The match began and before I had fully realized, he had won the first game 21-05. He had won it with the utmost ease, returning even my best shots without any struggles or even remote difficulty. I tried not to feel discouraged, saying to myself that he still had two more games to win and that I would not give in without a fight.

Compare and contrast these two newspaper articles Essay

The tabloid and broadsheet articles have the same topic but are written in extremely different styles. They are both in the same place within the two papers and are not on the front page. This shows they are not major stories. The lexis and syntax are different as is the graphology. The tabloids aim for target readers in social groups C2, D and E while the broadshhet papers aim for target readers in social groups A, B and C1. The tabloid paper uses the pyramid formation to lay out the pages. The headline is made the biggest piece of writting to grab attention. A pun is put in to get you to then read on. For Prince Harry they use ‘ His Royal Styness’ which is a play on words were they involve the story and how he is being punished by having to work on a farm. The tabloid then focuses mainly on the pictures which have been manipulated by adding in people that aren’t there to make Harry look worse so more people will want to read the rest of the story. The picture was superimposed and this sets you up for the following text. The writting its self isn’t very informative and uses a basic lexis and syntax ‘for wearing a Nazi uniform to a pal’s fancy dress party. ‘ this uses a more Colloquial language. The style is informal and the writer uses a semantic field of ‘Nazis and pig farming’. The tabloid also has small side stories and links that lead of in another direction, they have a story still involved with the royal family but moves of Prince Harry and on to the whole royal family when they have a survey about them. The writer makes the overall register quite playful and slightly mocking towards the Prince making him look less respectable † Weed the plants (not that weed Harry)† is put into embarasses him as he had been acused of doing cannabis before. The writting is more opinion based â€Å"The rowdy royal† than factual based and it doesn’t state who the quotes are from in name †a security resource revealed†. Unlike the broadsheet paper so it shows that the tabloid paper is more factual. In the broadsheet paper the quotes seem more reliable because it says exactly who is saying it and it gives a short amount of information about who the quote is from †Ian Davidson, the MP for Glasgow†. This article doesn’t exploit the story and use it as an excuse to mock Prince Harry. The writer Andrew Pierce puts in his opinion subtly. The writer makes fewer puns and uses fewer pictures and focuses more on the actual text. Pierce uses a more intellectual syntax and using a wider and more polysyllabic words †recomendations, combination and commemorate†. Pierce uses longer more complex scentences using more clauses † the hearings, which will be televised, begin on February 7†. The target readership is for people who generally enjoy reading, like those in social groups A, B and C1. Pierce took a different perspective on this story and didn’t focus on Harry so much but spread the story wider to cover the whole of the royal family questioning them politaclly and morally. â€Å"Plans by German politicians †¦.. could cause further embarrassment for the Royal Family† This shows that the braodsheet paper is taking things into more depth. The graphology is plainer with just the headline, the text and a small picture making you focus more on the actual text. The overal register is more serious and truthful. The broadsheet paper and tabloid papers are on two very different levels. The broadsheet is more in depth and formal, while the tabloid is more informal and uses a more colloquial language. This shows the different styles of writting used and the different layouts.

Michael Vick

  Psychological references of a personality can be correlated to each individual that resides on this earth.   Although some can be compared to others in terms of habitual actions through classifications, each personality interpretation is unique.   Personality classifications can be deemed as a selective grouping of traits that each individual acquires as a result of personal experiences, environmental influences, and category habitual traits.   These groups or categories each align one’s characteristics, thus organizing each person into a class or rank based upon traits identified by each grouping or classification.Thus far, 6 theories have been formulated to specify each personality trait including, humanistic, behavioral and social learning, cognitive, humanistic, psychoanalytical, and biological.   Each of these theoretical sects preserves the understanding of an individual’s actions as well as the identification of behavioral factors and qualities.   M any everyday people have undergone such evaluations in order to indentify, sort, and interpret personal behavior, however such theories are being examined in the lives of many high profile celebrities.For example, the latest bouts of strange behavior of Brittney Spears have also undergone these theories during the present custody battle with her former husband, Kevin Fedderline. Shaving her head along with her peculiar performance at the MTV movie awards have additionally undergone scrutiny.   Although Britney’s behavior has been rumored the result of substance abuse instead of personality flaws, many physiological theories has thus been applied in an attempt to explain the reasoning behind her actions.Moreover, football star Michael Vick has undergone a serious career adjustment only months ago after he was convicted of dog fighting charges.   Psychological personality theories can also be applied in order to understand the logic behind his recent actions.Although his ca reer seemingly ended earlier than expected, Michael Vick was not always in the bright spotlight that shined upon his career for so many years. Born in Newport News, Virginia, 1960, to then 16 year-old Brenda Vick and 17 year-old Michael Boddie, Michael Dwayne Vick was always responsible for his siblings while his father attempted to maintain a steady job.   Michael Boddie only served 2 years in the military before finally finding a steady job at the local ship yards as a painter.However, in Mr. Boddie’s spare time, he always reintegrated the discipline of football into his son, thus attaining Michael Vicks’ deep passion for the sport. After a rash of disciplinary issues as school, Michael â€Å"Ookie† Vick was forced to incorporate an extra-curricular activity into his schedule, thus he chose football. During his constructive varsity career at Warwick High School, Vick earned a scholarship to Virginia Tech.   Soon after a successful career at Virginia Tech, Vick was deemed one of the most sought after college quarterbacks in the entire United States, thus earning him a spot in the Atlanta Falcons lineup.During this time, The Atlanta Falcons had only advanced to the playoffs a total of 6 times; therefore they were attempting to acquire a team player whom could aid the team in accomplishing their feat in the Super Bowl.  Ã‚   Vick signed on for a six year contract totaling $62 million along with a $15 million sign on bonus.   Although then coach, Dan Reeves, only had intentions of orchestrating Vick from the sidelines of his rookie year, his impressive performance during training camp earned an early route to the field.   During his career since the start of 2001, Vick has proved to be an essential sect of the Falcons team (Black Book Partners, 2007).However, since his formal guilty plea in illegal dog fights, Vick has proved to be a tremendous loss to the Falcons dream team. â€Å"One of the most spectacular falls from grace in t he history of American sport was sealed yesterday as star quarterback Michael Vick formally pleaded guilty to charges of conspiracy and involvement in dog-fighting, that could see him jailed for a year or more†¦Vick had been one of the biggest stars of the National Football League, a quarterback of explosive speed and phenomenal throwing power. He was in the middle of a record-breaking $137m (68.5m), 10- year contract with the Falcons, not to mention a host of lucrative endorsement deals† (Cornwell,   August 2007).   Since his recent indefinite expulsion from the NFL in the later portion of 2007, the Atlanta Falcons have only attained 3 wins, and have consequentially ended their once always sold out games.   In early December, Vick was sentenced to 23 months in prison with a projected release date of summer 2009.Although there are 6 sects of trait theory, Vick’s actions can only be interpreted under the Social-Cognitive Theory.   Under this theory, internal and external factors influence an individual, not either or.   This theory is also called the reciprocal theory because each factor, internal and external, corresponds with each other, not separately.   All Psych noted that  in his classic experiment, Bandura (1965) looked at the behavior of children after watching a model on TV perform aggressive acts.   The children were divided into three groups; model rewarded, model punished, and no consequence, referring to the outcome of these aggressive acts.As he expected, all of the children were able to perform the aggressive acts even though they had never performed them or been rewarded for them in the past.   However, those who witnessed the aggressive model being punished exhibited less aggressive acts themselves in the play time that followed. (AllPsych, 2004). Bandura reintegrated the thought that people not only react to personal feelings or inhibitions, but that they also act upon outside influences.   These influence s could range from television, friends, family or even things witnessed in the workplace.Realistically, in correlation to Michael Vick’s dog fighting offences, others were involved in the case, including friends and family.   Vick admitted to brutally killing at least 8 dogs either during or after the fights, however, others that were involved in the gambling and actual dog fights themselves did not take responsibility for their actions during the ordeal.   This leaves on to suspect if Vick himself was solely responsible for the fights or if others influenced him to do so because of his celebrity stature and ability to gain discretion for the events.During his childhood, any actions of violence or extreme cases of anger can not be pinpointed, therefore, psychologically, the visibility of these bouts of aggression that were taken out in the form of dog fighting is not rational.   In addition, Cornwell also suggests that â€Å"Like cock-fighting (which Louisiana, inciden tally, became the last state to ban a few weeks ago), dog-fighting has been around here for generations, at least since the early 19th century and probably before that. Blame those early British colonists and the popularity of the pastime back home in the old country. For a long time, it was above all a rural pursuit, entrenched in the South and in the Mid-Atlantic States, where the Vick case occurred† (July 2007).This also correlates with the Social-Cognitive Theory hence its environmental influence on the act.   Although most individuals perceive the violence of the fights as cruel, this type of behavior is a cultural issue which customarily prevails in the south.   In American culture, dog fights just as cock fights have dated back to the early colonization of the United States, therefore preserving the earliest forms of sportsmanship.   Other issues lie behind the dog fighting that Vick pled guilty to such as the gambling ring, which suggests that Vick orchestrated t he financial bets and racketeering that also prevailed; moreover, it appears that outside influences instead of sole internal desires influenced Vicks decisions.In conclusion, many high-profile celebrities have risen to the charts not because of their efforts towards charity, but for their outrageous behavior.   One of these authoritative figures is Michael Vick.   Although he was raised with small town values which ultimately earned him the spot as the most invasive quarterbacks of his time, he consequentially succumbed to internal and external pressures that have now landed him 23 months in prison.   The type of theory that can be applied to his behavior, Social-Cognitive, explains the nature behind his ludicrous conduct.Social-Cognitive behavior can be classified as the integration of both internal and external factors such as environment and self-indulgence that causes one to act in a certain manner.   Many studies have been conducted such as that of Bandura, which conse quentially supports the theory.   The theory behind behaviors such as that depicted by Michael Vick should be further analyzed in order to broaden the spectrum of understanding.   Affirmative and destructive aspects of the Social-Cognitive theory apply.For instance, theoretically, the Social-Cognitive trait theory can supplement one’s actions for external factors.   This can be affirmative or negative in the sense that this allows an individual to focus on the outside influences instead of logical thinking and reason.   Additionally, this theory allows psychologist to properly analyze and represent individuals when facing legal actions against them.   In demonstrating the analytical properties of an individual’s mind set, fair sentencing can be given in correlation to psychological facets of the law and societal influence.WORKS CITEDAll Psych. (2004). Personality Synopsis Chapter 8: Learning Theory Section 5: Social Cognitive Theory.   Retrieved December 13 , 2007, from http://allpsych.com/personalitysynopsis/social_cognitive.htmlBlack Book Partners. (2007). Michael Vick. Retrieved December 13, 2007, fromhttp://www.jockbio.com/Bios/Vick/Vick_bio.htmlCornwell, R. (2007, July 22). The football superstar and the dog-fighting ring.The London Independent. Retrieved December 13, 2007, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_200705/ai_n19388909Cornwell, R. (2007, August 28).   Vick faces jail after admitting dog fights.   TheLondon Independent. Retrieved December 13, 2007, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20070828/ai_n20523470

Apes to Man (Reaction Paper) Essay

Introduction Planet of Life: Apes to Man is narrated by Stacy Keach, presented by Discovery Channel. A must see documentary regarding the Theory of Evolution. Originally produced for Discovery Channel, each episode covers a separate chapter in the biography of the world. This episode examines the evolution with the use of computer animation. The film talks about how apes like Lucy, who is known to be a three million year old ape that walked upright or with two legs and revolutionized or grew and changed into one of the modern men and women who populate the world in every continent, nation and city today. The first stage in evolution is walking upright or with two legs just like Lucy did. The second is having the ability to speak or make different kinds of sounds. This is the cause of the straightening of the spine which allows the neck to follow for them to be able to speak. Summary One hundred million years ago, dinosaurs walked the earth. They no longer exist today because of the asteroids that hit their home and eventually killed all of them. The earth, after some time, regained its life forces because some small creatures that got through the great tragedy that  put an end to the era of the dinosaurs. One of those creatures that survived were the purgatorious, one of earth’s oldest primates that may have evolved throughout the ages A new era of animals rose to the occasion to a new beginning and to starting a new kind of living amongst the changed world around them. One particular creature happened to explore and discover new things in its surroundings more advanced than others. In the late 18th century, Charles Darwin wrote a book called â€Å"Origin of Species†. The book was intriguing. People thought he was losing his mind because most men and women during his time were very religious and really close to God. They didn’t believe him until a team of French-American researchers in the year 1974 found evidences of early apes. But by that time I think Darwin’s unlikely friends and haters won’t be able to say it in front of him. The people who found Darwin’s inspirational evidence called it â€Å"Lucy†. Lucy is a 3 million year old ape and is the very first one to walk upright or with 2 legs because according to the researchers she had wide hips like humans do. Archeologists say Lucy walked like a modern pig mea chimpanzee and bonobo. After a few decades, Lucy got to the second stage of evolution. And that is having the ability to speak or make different kinds of sounds. This is the cause of the straightening of the spine which allows the neck to follow for them to be able to speak and the rest is history. What Lucy became is what all of us are now. Generalization Evolution has really helped and changed every individual for the better. It made us realize and understand how the real world worked in the early ages and how it affected all of us today. We are now where we belong and that gives everyone the chance and the blessings they deserve. Reflection Personally, I do not believe in this theory as per the teachings in the Bible. There is no contest to what the Bible says about us  being formed in the image of God. But, for arguments sake, and if I were to believe it, let me just say that Darwin may have misconstrued the facts or the things he has observed based on the physical and genetic similarities of man and apes. He based his findings on the fact that because apes were able to walk upright, we are their descendants and from other scientists’ findings on the similarities of man and apes from different eras. Other important human characteristics – such as a large and complex brain, the ability to make and use tools, and the capacity for language added to the basis for his theory. Early human fossils and archeological remains offer the most important clues about this ancient past. These remains include bones, tools and any other evidence left by earlier people. Usually, the remains were buried and preserved naturally. Thinking About You A tornado flew around my room before you came Excuse the mess it made, usually doesn’t rain In Southern California, much like Arizona My eyes don’t shed tears, they pour When I’m thinkin’ ‘bout you (Ooh no, no, no) I’ve been thinkin’ ‘bout you (You know, know, know) I’ve been thinkin’ ‘bout you Do you think about me still? Or do you not think so far ahead? ‘Cause I been thinkin’ ‘bout forever (Ooh no, no) Or do you not think so far ahead? ‘Cause I been thinkin’ ‘bout forever No, I don’t like you, I just thought you were cool Enough to kick it Got a beach house I could sell you in Idaho You don’t think I love you, I just thought you were cute That’s why I kissed you Got a fighter jet, I don’t fly it though Lyin’ down thinkin’ ‘bout you (Ooh no, no, no) I’ve been thinkin’ ‘bout you (You know, know, know) I’ve been thinkin’ ‘bout you Do you think about me still? Or do you not think so far ahead? ‘Cause I been thinkin’ ‘bout forever (Oooh) Or do you not think so far ahead? ‘Cause I been thinkin’ ‘bout forever And I remember, how could I forget How you feel And though you were my first time A new feel And it won’t ever get old,not in my soul, Not in my spirit, keep it alive We’ll go down this road ‘Til it turns from color to black and white Or do you not think so far ahead? ‘Cause I been thinkin’ ‘bout forever(Oooh) (2x)

Kentucky v. King case Brief

Facts: In Lexington, Kentucky, police officers followed a suspected drug dealer to an apartment building where he went. When they arrived outside of the door to the apartment where the suspect was they reportedly could smell marajuana. The police then knocked and shouted they they were there and in return they could hear what sounded like people destroying the evidence and running around. The police then knocked down the door and saw the respondent as well as drugs laying out without having to look anywhere. Later the police found more drugs and paraphernalia doing a more in-depth search. â€Å"The Circuit Court denied respondent’s motion to suppress the evidence, holding that exigent circumstances—the need to prevent destruction of evidence—justified the warrantless entry. Respondent entered a conditional guilty plea, reserving his right to appeal the suppression ruling, and the Kentucky Court of Appeals affirmed. † The Supreme Court of Kentucky also assumed that there was an exigent circumstance but it still invalidated the search. The court stated that the police should have foreseen that their conduct would most likely result in the tenants attempting to destroy the evidence therefore they should have had a warrant before going there. Issue: A warrantless entry based on exigent circumstances is reasonable when the police did not create the exigency by engaging or threatening to engage in conduct violating the Fourth Amendment. Meaning in this case, if the police had not busted down the door there would have never been destruction of drugs and paraphernalia. Kentucky Supreme Court actually asked whether officers deliberately created the exigent circumstances with the bad faith intent to avoid the warrant requirement. Obviously warrants require paperwork and time and many police officers feel that it is a hassle and takes too long; the exigent circumstance could have been purposely made so the police officers could avoid waiting or waisting time as some see it. Rule: Assuming that an exigency existed here, there is no evidence that the officers either violated the Fourth Amendment or threatened to do so prior to the point when they entered the apartment. From what was brought to the Supreme Courts attention the police did everything properly, they knocked on the door loudly and told the tenants they were the police. If they do not do those two things the tenants may not hear them or they may not open the door because they do not know who it is. This is where the situation became exigent because then the tenants inside began running around and obviously destroying evidence. The police then shouted they were going to enter the apartment and busted the door down to get it. The respondent pointed to no evidence supporting his argument that the officers made any sort of demand to enter the apartment, much less a demand that amounts to a threat to violate the Fourth Amendment. The record was made clear that the officers’ announcement that they were going to enter the apartment was made after the exigency arose, therefore everything that happened was just. Analysis: There was much controversy with this case because police officers did enter an apartment with no warrant. Since there were no bystanders or other evidence except the police officers and the tenants involved it was very difficult to come out with a verdict. Of course the police officers stated that there were exigent circumstances occurring before they enter the apartment and the tenants states that there were no exigent circumstances until they entered the apartment. Unfortunately, both could have been true because both have occurred before. In this case, the police officers did everything correctly and were not trying to avoid getting a search warrants. The knocked on the door because they smelled marajuana and after the tenants began destroying evidence the police entered due to the exigency of the situation. Conclusion: The tenants were going to try to do anything to get away with what they had been caught with. They felt like their privacy was violated because even though they were conducting illegal activities, they were doing so behind closed doors and in the privacy of their home. What they failed to realize is that even if you are in your home with the door locked if you create a situation in which arises police officers attention then escalates to a level of exigency they can enter your home if you do not open the door. Their Fourth Amendment was not violated and the tenants were in the wrong.